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Which practices strengthen the development of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)? (Choose three)
Why Are These Practices Essential for SOP Development?
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) are crucial for ensuring consistent, repeatable, and effective security operations in a Security Operations Center (SOC). Strengthening SOP development ensures efficiency, clarity, and adaptability in responding to incidents.
1 Regular Updates Based on Feedback (Answer A)
Security threats evolve, and SOPs must be updated based on real-world incidents, analyst feedback, and lessons learned.
Example: A new ransomware variant is detected; the SOP is updated to include a specific containment playbook in Splunk SOAR.
2 Collaborating with Cross-Functional Teams (Answer C)
Effective SOPs require input from SOC analysts, threat hunters, IT, compliance teams, and DevSecOps.
Ensures that all relevant security and business perspectives are covered.
Example: A SOC team collaborates with DevOps to ensure that a cloud security response SOP aligns with AWS security controls.
3 Including Detailed Step-by-Step Instructions (Answer D)
SOPs should provide clear, actionable, and standardized steps for security analysts.
Example: A Splunk ES incident response SOP should include:
How to investigate a security alert using correlation searches.
How to escalate incidents based on risk levels.
How to trigger a Splunk SOAR playbook for automated remediation.
Why Not the Other Options?
B. Focusing solely on high-risk scenarios -- All security events matter, not just high-risk ones. Low-level alerts can be early indicators of larger threats. E. Excluding historical incident data -- Past incidents provide valuable lessons to improve SOPs and incident response workflows.
Reference & Learning Resources
Which actions can optimize case management in Splunk? (Choose two)
Effective case management in Splunk Enterprise Security (ES) helps streamline incident tracking, investigation, and resolution.
How to Optimize Case Management:
Standardizing ticket creation workflows (A)
Ensures consistency in how incidents are reported and tracked.
Reduces manual errors and improves collaboration between SOC teams.
Integrating Splunk with ITSM tools (C)
Automates the process of creating and updating tickets in ServiceNow, Jira, or Remedy.
Enables better tracking of incidents and response actions.
Incorrect Answers: B. Increasing the indexing frequency -- This improves data availability but does not directly optimize case management. D. Reducing the number of search heads -- This might degrade search performance rather than optimize case handling.
Splunk ES Case Management
Integrating Splunk with ServiceNow
Automating Ticket Creation in Splunk
Which features of Splunk are crucial for tuning correlation searches? (Choose three)
Correlation searches are a key component of Splunk Enterprise Security (ES) that help detect and alert on security threats by analyzing machine data across various sources. Proper tuning of these searches is essential to reduce false positives, improve performance, and enhance the accuracy of security detections in a Security Operations Center (SOC).
Crucial Features for Tuning Correlation Searches
1. Using Thresholds and Conditions (A)
Thresholds help control the sensitivity of correlation searches by defining when a condition is met.
Setting appropriate conditions ensures that only relevant events trigger notable events or alerts, reducing noise.
Example:
Instead of alerting on any failed login attempt, a threshold of 5 failed logins within 10 minutes can be set to identify actual brute-force attempts.
2. Reviewing Notable Event Outcomes (B)
Notable events are generated by correlation searches, and reviewing them is critical for fine-tuning.
Analysts in the SOC should frequently review false positives, duplicates, and low-priority alerts to refine rules.
Example:
If a correlation search is generating excessive alerts for normal user activity, analysts can modify it to exclude known safe behaviors.
3. Optimizing Search Queries (E)
Efficient Splunk Search Processing Language (SPL) queries are crucial to improving search performance.
Best practices include:
Using index-time fields instead of extracting fields at search time.
Avoiding wildcards and unnecessary joins in searches.
Using tstats instead of regular searches to improve efficiency.
Example:
Using:
| tstats count where index=firewall by src_ip
instead of:
index=firewall | stats count by src_ip
can significantly improve performance.
Incorrect Answers & Explanation
C. Enabling Event Sampling
Event sampling helps analyze a subset of events to improve testing but does not directly impact correlation search tuning in production.
In a SOC environment, tuning needs to be based on actual real-time event volumes, not just sampled data.
D. Disabling Field Extractions
Field extractions are essential for correlation searches because they help identify and analyze security-related fields (e.g., user, src_ip, dest_ip).
Disabling them would limit the visibility of important security event attributes, making detections less effective.
Additional Resources for Learning
Splunk Documentation & Learning Paths:
Splunk ES Correlation Search Documentation
Best Practices for Writing SPL
Splunk Security Essentials - Use Cases
SOC Analysts Guide for Correlation Search Tuning
Courses & Certifications:
Splunk Enterprise Security Certified Admin
Splunk Core Certified Power User
Splunk SOAR Certified Automation Specialist
What is a key advantage of using SOAR playbooks in Splunk?
Splunk SOAR (Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response) playbooks help SOC teams automate, orchestrate, and respond to threats faster.
Key Benefits of SOAR Playbooks
Automates Repetitive Tasks
Reduces manual workload for SOC analysts.
Automates tasks like enriching alerts, blocking IPs, and generating reports.
Orchestrates Multiple Security Tools
Integrates with firewalls, EDR, SIEMs, threat intelligence feeds.
Example: A playbook can automatically enrich an IP address by querying VirusTotal, Splunk, and SIEM logs.
Accelerates Incident Response
Reduces Mean Time to Detect (MTTD) and Mean Time to Respond (MTTR).
Example: A playbook can automatically quarantine compromised endpoints in CrowdStrike after an alert.
Incorrect Answers:
A . Manually running searches across multiple indexes SOAR playbooks are about automation, not manual searches.
C . Improving dashboard visualization capabilities Dashboards are part of SIEM (Splunk ES), not SOAR playbooks.
D . Enhancing data retention policies Retention is a Splunk Indexing feature, not SOAR-related.
Additional Resources:
Splunk SOAR Playbook Guide
Automating Threat Response with SOAR
What is the primary purpose of developing security metrics in a Splunk environment?
Security metrics help organizations assess their security posture and make data-driven decisions.
Primary Purpose of Security Metrics in Splunk:
Measure Security Effectiveness (B)
Tracks incident response times, threat detection rates, and alert accuracy.
Helps SOC teams and leadership evaluate security program performance.
Improve Threat Detection & Incident Response
Identifies gaps in detection logic and false positives.
Helps fine-tune correlation searches and notable events.
Incorrect Answers: A. To enhance data retention policies -- Retention policies focus on data storage, not security performance. C. To identify low-priority alerts for suppression -- While metrics help with prioritization, their primary goal is evaluating security effectiveness. D. To automate case management workflows -- Security metrics inform automation but are not meant for workflow execution.
Splunk Security Metrics Best Practices
How to Measure SOC Performance with Splunk
