What activities would a Product Owner typically undertake in the phase between the end of the current sprint and the start of the next sprint?
There is no time in between sprints, so there cannot be activities.
Who is responsible for the system architecture of a product developed using Scrum?
Scrum doesn't know any other role than developer. The developers are cross-functional and have all the skills needed to create a usable increment. They are doing the work and responsible for the architecture.
What are the developers responsible for? (choose two)
They are concerned with everything that needs to happen to create a working increment. And they are self-managing, so resolving conflicts is something they should arrange as well.
What is the purpose of a sprint retrospective? Choose two
In the scrum guide it says: 'The purpose of the Sprint Retrospective is to plan ways to increase quality and effectiveness.'