By now, you are feeling confident that the security of the MegaCorp network is getting under control. You are aware that there are still several critical areas that you must deal with, and today you are addressing one of those areas. You have been able to take care of the router, firewall, security policy, and intrusion detection, now you are concerned with some of the hosts in the network. Since the organization is not very large, you are the only person working in the IT end of the company. It will be up to you to directly work on the systems throughout the network. You make a quick chart of the systems you know should be in the MegaCorp network:

Server0001, 10.10.20.101, Windows 2000 Server Server0010, 10.10.20.102, Windows 2000 Server Server0011, 10.10.20.103, Windows 2000 Server Server0100, 10.10.20.104, Linux (Red Hat 8.0) User systems, 10.10.100.100~10.10.100.200, Windows 2000 Professional The addressing that you recommended months ago is in place, and it follows a distinct logical pattern, you are hoping that no new systems are hidden in the network somewhere. In the company, you have been granted domain administrator rights, and no other user is authorized to have administrator, root, supervisor, or otherwise privileged level of access. All the Windows systems are to belong to one windows domain called SCNA.edu. Users are no longer allowed to install unauthorized applications, and are all to use the file servers for storage. Although they have the ability to do so, users are not supposed to store any work data on their local systems. The servers are located in a server cabinet that is inside your office, so you decide to start working there. Using your knowledge of MegaCorp select the best solution for hardening the MegaCorp operating systems:}

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For three years you have worked with MegaCorp doing occasional network and security consulting. MegaCorp is a small business that provides real estate listings and data to realtors in several of the surrounding states. The company is open for business Monday through Friday from 9 am to 6 pm, closed all evenings and weekends. Your work there has largely consisted of advice and planning, and you have been frequently disappointed by the lack of execution and follow through from the full time staff. On Tuesday, you received a call from MegaCorp's HR director, "Hello, I'd like to inform you that Purple (the full time senior network administrator) is no longer with us, and we would like to know if you are interested in working with us full time." You currently have no other main clients, so you reply, "Sure, when do you need me to get going?" "Today," comes the fast and direct response. Too fast, you think. " What is the urgency, why can this wait until tomorrow?" "Red was let go, and he was not happy about it. We are worried that he might have done something to our network on the way out." "OK, let me get some things ready, and Il be over there shortly." You knew this would be messy when you came in, but you did have some advantage in that you already knew the network. You had recommended many changes in the past, none of which would be implemented by Purple. While pulling together your laptop and other tools, you grab your notes which have an overview of the network:

MegaCorp network notes:

Single Internet access point, T1, connected to MegaCorp Cisco router. Router has E1 to a private web and ftp server and E0 to the LAN switch. LAN switch has four servers, four printers, and 100 client machines. All the machines are running Windows 2000. Currently, they are having their primary web site and email hosted by an ISP in Illinois. When you get to MegaCorp, the HR Director and the CEO, both of whom you already know, greet you. The CEO informs you that Purple was let go due to difficult personality conflicts, among other reasons, and the termination was not cordial. You are to sign the proper employment papers, and get right on the job. You are given the rest of the day to get setup and running, but the company is quite concerned about the security of their network. Rightly so, you think, if these guys had implemented even half of my recommendations this would sure be easier.You get your equipment setup in your new oversized office space, and get started. For the time you are working here, your IP Address is 10.10.50.23 with a mask of \16. One of your first tasks is to examine the router configuration. You console into the router, issue a show running-config command, and get the following output:

MegaOne#show running-config Building configuration Current configuration:

! version 12.1 service udp-small-servers service tcp-small-servers ! hostname MegaOne ! enable secret 5 $1$7BSK3$H394yewhJ45JAFEWU73747. enable password clever ! no ip name-server no ip domain-lookup ip routing ! interface Ethernet0 no shutdown ip address 2.3.57.50 255.255.255.0 no ip directed broadcast ! interface Ethernet1 no shutdown ip 10.10.40.101 255.255.0.0 no ip directed-broadcast ! interface Serial0 no shutdown ip 1.20.30.23 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast clockrate 1024000 bandwidth 1024 encapsulation hdlc ! ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.20.30.45 ! line console 0 exec-timeout 0 0 transport input all line vty 0 4 password remote login ! End After analysis of the network, you recommend that the router have a new configuration. Your goal is to make the router become part of your layered defense, and to be a system configured to help secure the network. You talk to the CEO to get an idea of what the goals of the router should be in the new configuration. All your conversations are to go through the CEO; this is whom you also are to report to. "OK, I suggest that the employees be strictly restricted to only the services that they must access on the Internet." You begin. "I can understand that, but we have always had an open policy. I like the employees to feel comfortable, and not feel like we are watching over them all the time. Please leave the connection open so they can get to whatever they need to get to. We can always reevaluate this in an ongoing basis." "OK, if you insist, but for the record I am opposed to that policy." "Noted," responds the CEO, somewhat bluntly. "All right, let see, the private web and ftp server have to be accessed by the Internet, restricted to the accounts on the server. We will continue to use the Illinois ISP to host our main web site and to host our email. What else, is there anything else that needs to be accessed from the Internet?" "No, I think that's it. We have a pretty simple network, we do everything in house." "All right, we need to get a plan in place as well right away for a security policy. Can we set something up for tomorrow?" you ask. "Let me see, Il get back to you later." With that the CEO leaves and you get to work. Based on the information you have from MegaCorp; knowing that the router must be an integral part of the security of the organization, select the best solution to the organization's router problem:}

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You go back through your notes to the day that you recommended that the company get a firewall in place. Purple had been convinced that the ISP protected the network, and that a firewall was too much technology on top of the router. Now that you have been given this responsibility, and since you have configured the router already, you wish to get the firewall in place as quickly as possible. You meet quickly with the CEO and mention that the network currently has no firewall, a serious problem. You inform the CEO that this must be fixed immediately, and that you have several firewall options. For this one instance, the CEO tells you to build the best solution; the decision is not oing to be based on direct cost. ased on your knowledge of and the information you have from MegaCorp, elect the best solution to the rganization firewall problem:} A. You decide to take advantage of the features of Microsoft ISA Server and Checkpoint NG. You implement wo firewalls, each with two network cards. From one Ethernet nterface of the outer, you connect to a Checkpoint firewall, and from the other Ethernet interface on the router, you connect to Microsoft ISA firewall. he Checkpoint firewall is connected via one NIC to the router, and the other NIC is nnected to the Web and TP Server. The Microsoft ISA Server is connected via one NIC o he router nd the other NIC is connected to the LAN switch. ou perform the following steps and configurations to setup the firewalls:

1.First, you configure the IP Address on both network cards of both firewalls.

2.Second, you select the Floodgate-1, SMART Clients, and Policy Server as the only components to install and omplete the installation of Checkpoint.

3.Third, you configure the Checkpoint firewall so only Web and FTP traffic are allowed inbound.

4.Fourth, you select the Cache Mode option during the install of ISA Server and complete the installation of icrosoft ISA Server. 5.Fifth, you allow all outbound traffic through the ISA Server. 6.Sixth, you allow only inbound traffic through the ISA Server that is in response to outbound requests.

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The network has been receiving quite a lot of inbound traffic, and although you have been given instructions to keep the network open, you want to know what is going on. You have decided to implement an Intrusion Detection System. You bring this up at the next meeting. "After looking at our current network security, and the network traffic we are dealing with, I recommend that we implement an Intrusion Detection System," you begin. "We don't have any more budget for security equipment, it will have to wait until next year." This is the reply from the CEO that you were anticipating. "I realize that the budget is tight, but this is an important part of setting up security." You continue, "If I cannot properly identify all the network traffic, and have a system in place to respond to it, we might not know about an incident until after our information is found for sale on the open market." As expected, your last comment got the group thinking. What about false alarms?" asks the VP of sales, "I hear those things are always going off, and just end up wasting everyone time." "That's a fair concern, but it is my concern. When we implement the system, I will fine tune it and adjust it until the alarms it generates are appropriate, and are generated when there is legitimately something to be concerned about. We are concerned with traffic that would indicate an attack; only then will the system send me an alert." For a few minutes there was talk back and forth in the room, and then the CEO responds again to your inquiry, "I agree that this type of thing could be helpful. But, we simply don't have any ore budget for it. Since it is a good idea, go ahead nd find a way to implement this, but don't spend ny money on it." ith this information, and your knowledge of MegaCorp, choose the answer that will provide the best olution for the IDS needs of MegaCorp:}

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You have now seen to it that all end users and computers in the Testbed office have received their certificates. The administrative staff has been trained on their use and function in the network. The following day, you meet with Blue to discuss the progress."So far so good," starts Blue, "all the users have their certificates, all the computers havetheir certificates. I think we are moving forward at a solid pace. We have talked about the ways we will use our certificates, and we need to move towards securing our network traffic." "I agree," you reply, "last week I ran a scheduled scan, and we stillhave vulnerability in our network traffic. The folks from MassiveCorp would love to have a sniffer running in here, I sure of that." "That's exactly the point. We need a system in place that will ensure that our network traffic is not so vulnerable to sniffing. We have"to get some protection for our packets. I'd like you to design the system and then we can review it together." The meeting ends a few minutes later, and you are back in your office working on the design. Choose the best solution for protecting the network traffic in the executive office of the Testbed campus:}

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