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A bank sells an interest rate swap to its client, with the client agreeing to pay the bank a fixed 4% and receive 3 month LIBOR + 100 basis points, payments due every quarter. After quarter 1, the 3 month LIBOR is 2% p
a. Which of the following payments will happen in respect of this swap, assuming the contract notional is $100m, and the rate convention is 30/360.
In an interest rate swap, only the net payment is made. In this case,
- the customer pays the bank 4%*(3/12)*$100m
- the bank owes the customer (2% + 100bp))*(3/12)*$100m
Therefore the customer pays (4% - (2% + 100bp))*(3/12)*$100m. 3/12 represents the 3 month time interval. This is equal to a net payment of $250k from the customer to the bank. Therefore Choice 'c' is the correct answer and the rest are incorrect.
By market convention, which of the following currencies are not quoted in terms of 'direct quotes' versus the USD?
Remember how exchange rates are generally quoted. Most exchange rates are quoted in terms of how many foreign currencies does USD 1 buy. Therefore, a rate of 99 for the JPY means that USD 1 is equal to JPY 99. These are called 'direct rates'. However, there are four major world currencies where the rate quote convention is the other way round - these are EUR, GBP, AUD and NZD. For these currencies, the FX quote implies how many US dollars can one unit of these currencies buy. So a quote of '1.1023' for the Euro means EUR 1 is equal to USD 1.1023 and not the other way round.
Buying an option on a futures contract requires:
An option on a futures contract is like any other option contract, and only the option premium is due upfront. If the option is exercised, then the futures contract comes into existence and futures margins become due in the normal way. Therefore Choice 'b' is the correct answer.
Which of the following statements are true:
1. The swap rate, also called the swap spread, is initially calculated so that the value of the swap at inception is zero.
II. The value of a swap at initiation is different from zero and is equal to the difference between the NPV of the cash flows of the two legs of the swap
III. OTC swaps are standardized and limited to a defined set of standard contracts
IV. Interest rate and commodity swaps are the types of swaps that are most traded
Swaps rates are calculated such that the swap's value at inception is zero. Therefore statement I is correct and statement II is incorrect. OTC swaps are not standardized, in fact they are customized by the parties to suit their needs, which is why they are over-the-counter. Therefore statement III is incorrect. It is correct that interest rate and commodity swaps are the most traded, and statement IV is correct.
Therefore Choice 'c' is the correct answer.
What is the fair price for a bond paying annual coupons at 5% and maturing in 5 years. Assume par value of $100 and the yield curve is flat at 6%.
The coupon payments can be considered an annuity which can be valued using the formula for the PV of annuities= annuity . Therefore the value of the five coupon payments is 5 * ((1-1/(1.06^5))/0.06) = $21.06
Similarly the principal payment at the end of 5 years can be valued as 100/1.065 = $74.73
Therefore the total value of the bond today is $95.79
