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Scenario 4: In 2017, seeing that millions of people turned to online shopping, Ed and James Cordon founded the online marketplace for footwear called Poshoe. In the past, purchasing pre-owned designer shoes online was not a pleasant experience because of unattractive pictures and an inability to ascertain the products' authenticity. However, after Poshoe's establishment, each product was well advertised and certified as authentic before being offered to clients. This increased the customers' confidence and trust in Poshoe's products and services. Poshoe has approximately four million users and its mission is to dominate the second-hand sneaker market and become a multi-billion dollar company.
Due to the significant increase of daily online buyers, Poshoe's top management decided to adopt a big data analytics tool that could help the company effectively handle, store, and analyze dat
a. Before initiating the implementation process, they decided to conduct a risk assessment. Initially, the company identified its assets, threats, and vulnerabilities associated with its information systems. In terms of assets, the company identified the information that was vital to the achievement of the organization's mission and objectives. During this phase, the company also detected a rootkit in their software, through which an attacker could remotely access Poshoe's systems and acquire sensitive data.
The company discovered that the rootkit had been installed by an attacker who had gained administrator access. As a result, the attacker was able to obtain the customers' personal data after they purchased a product from Poshoe. Luckily, the company was able to execute some scans from the target device and gain greater visibility into their software's settings in order to identify the vulnerability of the system.
The company initially used the qualitative risk analysis technique to assess the consequences and the likelihood and to determine the level of risk. The company defined the likelihood of risk as ''a few times in two years with the probability of 1 to 3 times per year.'' Later, it was decided that they would use a quantitative risk analysis methodology since it would provide additional information on this major risk. Lastly, the top management decided to treat the risk immediately as it could expose the company to other issues. In addition, it was communicated to their employees that they should update, secure, and back up Poshoe's software in order to protect customers' personal information and prevent unauthorized access from attackers.
According to scenario 4, Poshoe has identified its assets, vulnerabilities, and threats associated with its information systems. What does the company need in order to start identifying its existing controls?
To start identifying its existing controls, Poshoe needs a list of all existing and planned controls. This list will provide the necessary baseline to understand what security measures are already in place and what measures are planned to mitigate risks. This helps in determining gaps, evaluating the effectiveness of current controls, and identifying areas requiring improvement. Option A (The risk treatment implementation plan and documentation of controls) is incorrect because it is too specific and assumes a level of completion not indicated in the scenario. Option C (A list of incident scenarios with their consequences) is incorrect as it pertains to the analysis phase of risk management, not the identification of existing controls.
Scenario 3: Printary is an American company that offers digital printing services. Creating cost-effective and creative products, the company has been part of the printing industry for more than 30 years. Three years ago, the company started to operate online, providing greater flexibility for its clients. Through the website, clients could find information about all services offered by Printary and order personalized products. However, operating online increased the risk of cyber threats, consequently, impacting the business functions of the company. Thus, along with the decision of creating an online business, the company focused on managing information security risks. Their risk management program was established based on ISO/IEC 27005 guidelines and industry best practices.
Last year, the company considered the integration of an online payment system on its website in order to provide more flexibility and transparency to customers. Printary analyzed various available solutions and selected Pay0, a payment processing solution that allows any company to easily collect payments on their website. Before making the decision, Printary conducted a risk assessment to identify and analyze information security risks associated with the software. The risk assessment process involved three phases: identification, analysis, and evaluation. During risk identification, the company inspected assets, threats, and vulnerabilities. In addition, to identify the information security risks, Printary used a list of the identified events that could negatively affect the achievement of information security objectives. The risk identification phase highlighted two main threats associated with the online payment system: error in use and data corruption After conducting a gap analysis, the company concluded that the existing security controls were sufficient to mitigate the threat of data corruption. However, the user interface of the payment solution was complicated, which could increase the risk associated with user errors, and, as a result, impact data integrity and confidentiality.
Subsequently, the risk identification results were analyzed. The company conducted risk analysis in order to understand the nature of the identified risks. They decided to use a quantitative risk analysis methodology because it would provide more detailed information. The selected risk analysis methodology was consistent with the risk evaluation criteri
a. Firstly, they used a list of potential incident scenarios to assess their potential impact. In addition, the likelihood of incident scenarios was defined and assessed. Finally, the level of risk was defined as low.
In the end, the level of risk was compared to the risk evaluation and acceptance criteria and was prioritized accordingly.
Based on scenario 3, Printary used a list of identified events that could negatively influence the achievement of its information security objectives to identify information security risks. Is this in compliance with the guidelines of ISO/IEC 27005?
According to ISO/IEC 27005, identifying risks to information security involves recognizing events that could adversely affect the achievement of information security objectives. Using a list of events that could negatively impact these objectives is consistent with the risk identification process as outlined in ISO/IEC 27005. This approach focuses on identifying specific incidents or events that could result in security breaches or compromises, providing a clear understanding of the potential risks to the organization. Thus, Printary's use of a list of such events to identify information security risks complies with the standard's guidelines, making option B the correct answer.
ISO/IEC 27005:2018, Clause 8.2, 'Risk Identification,' which states that the organization should identify the events that could compromise information security objectives.
Scenario 7: Adstry is a business growth agency that specializes in digital marketing strategies. Adstry helps organizations redefine the relationships with their customers through innovative solutions. Adstry is headquartered in San Francisco and recently opened two new offices in New York. The structure of the company is organized into teams which are led by project managers. The project manager has the full power in any decision related to projects. The team members, on the other hand, report the project's progress to project managers.
Considering that data breaches and ad fraud are common threats in the current business environment, managing risks is essential for Adstry. When planning new projects, each project manager is responsible for ensuring that risks related to a particular project have been identified, assessed, and mitigated. This means that project managers have also the role of the risk manager in Adstry. Taking into account that Adstry heavily relies on technology to complete their projects, their risk assessment certainly involves identification of risks associated with the use of information technology. At the earliest stages of each project, the project manager communicates the risk assessment results to its team members.
Adstry uses a risk management software which helps the project team to detect new potential risks during each phase of the project. This way, team members are informed in a timely manner for the new potential risks and are able to respond to them accordingly. The project managers are responsible for ensuring that the information provided to the team members is communicated using an appropriate language so it can be understood by all of them.
In addition, the project manager may include external interested parties affected by the project in the risk communication. If the project manager decides to include interested parties, the risk communication is thoroughly prepared. The project manager firstly identifies the interested parties that should be informed and takes into account their concerns and possible conflicts that may arise due to risk communication. The risks are communicated to the identified interested parties while taking into consideration the confidentiality of Adstry's information and determining the level of detail that should be included in the risk communication. The project managers use the same risk management software for risk communication with external interested parties since it provides a consistent view of risks. For each project, the project manager arranges regular meetings with relevant interested parties of the project, they discuss the detected risks, their prioritization, and determine appropriate treatment solutions. The information taken from the risk management software and the results of these meetings are documented and are used for decision-making processes. In addition, the company uses a computerized documented information management system for the acquisition, classification, storage, and archiving of its documents.
Based on scenario 7, which principle of efficient communication strategy Adstry's project managers follow when communicating risks to team members?
Adstry's project managers focus on ensuring that the information provided to team members is communicated using an appropriate language that can be understood by all. This approach reflects the principle of clarity, which is a key element of an effective communication strategy. Clear communication helps to ensure that all parties understand the risks, their implications, and the necessary actions to mitigate them. Option B (Credibility) relates to trustworthiness, which is not the primary focus here, and Option C (Responsiveness) involves timely reactions, which is also not the main point of emphasis in this context.
Scenario 3: Printary is an American company that offers digital printing services. Creating cost-effective and creative products, the company has been part of the printing industry for more than 30 years. Three years ago, the company started to operate online, providing greater flexibility for its clients. Through the website, clients could find information about all services offered by Printary and order personalized products. However, operating online increased the risk of cyber threats, consequently, impacting the business functions of the company. Thus, along with the decision of creating an online business, the company focused on managing information security risks. Their risk management program was established based on ISO/IEC 27005 guidelines and industry best practices.
Last year, the company considered the integration of an online payment system on its website in order to provide more flexibility and transparency to customers. Printary analyzed various available solutions and selected Pay0, a payment processing solution that allows any company to easily collect payments on their website. Before making the decision, Printary conducted a risk assessment to identify and analyze information security risks associated with the software. The risk assessment process involved three phases: identification, analysis, and evaluation. During risk identification, the company inspected assets, threats, and vulnerabilities. In addition, to identify the information security risks, Printary used a list of the identified events that could negatively affect the achievement of information security objectives. The risk identification phase highlighted two main threats associated with the online payment system: error in use and data corruption After conducting a gap analysis, the company concluded that the existing security controls were sufficient to mitigate the threat of data corruption. However, the user interface of the payment solution was complicated, which could increase the risk associated with user errors, and, as a result, impact data integrity and confidentiality.
Subsequently, the risk identification results were analyzed. The company conducted risk analysis in order to understand the nature of the identified risks. They decided to use a quantitative risk analysis methodology because it would provide more detailed information. The selected risk analysis methodology was consistent with the risk evaluation criteri
a. Firstly, they used a list of potential incident scenarios to assess their potential impact. In addition, the likelihood of incident scenarios was defined and assessed. Finally, the level of risk was defined as low.
In the end, the level of risk was compared to the risk evaluation and acceptance criteria and was prioritized accordingly.
Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:
What type of risk identification approach did Printary use?
An event-based approach to risk identification focuses on identifying events that could negatively affect the achievement of the organization's objectives. In the scenario, Printary used a list of identified events (e.g., errors in use and data corruption) that could negatively impact their information security objectives. This indicates that they considered specific events that might lead to information security incidents, which is characteristic of an event-based approach. Option B is correct because it aligns with the method described in the scenario. Option A (Asset-based approach) focuses on identifying risks based on assets, while Option C (Threat-based approach) focuses on threats rather than specific events, making them both incorrect in this context.
An organization decided to use nonnumerical categories, i.e., low, medium, and high for describing consequence and probability. Which risk analysis methodology is the organization using?
A qualitative risk analysis method uses nonnumerical categories such as low, medium, and high to describe the consequences and probability of risks. This method involves subjective judgment based on expertise, experience, and intuition rather than mathematical calculations. Qualitative methods are often used when it is challenging to obtain accurate numerical data, and they provide a general understanding of risks to prioritize them for further action. Option C is correct because the use of nonnumerical categories aligns with the qualitative risk analysis methodology. Option A (Quantitative) is incorrect as it involves numerical values and statistical methods, while Option B (Semi-quantitative) is a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods, usually involving ranges of numerical values.
