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A company has created a custom application that collects URLs from various websites and then lists bad sites. They want to update a custom URL category on the firewall with the URLs collected.
Which tool can automate these updates?
The scenario describes a need for programmatic and automated updating of a custom URL category on a Palo Alto Networks firewall. The XML API is specifically designed for this kind of task. It allows external systems and scripts to interact with the firewall's configuration and operational data.
Here's why the XML API is the appropriate solution and why the other options are not:
D . XML API: The XML API provides a well-defined interface for making changes to the firewall's configuration. This includes creating, modifying, and deleting URL categories and adding or removing URLs within those categories. A script can be written to retrieve the list of 'bad sites' from the company's application and then use the XML API to push those URLs into the custom URL category on the firewall. This process can be automated on a schedule. This is the most efficient and recommended method for this type of integration.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . Dynamic User Groups: Dynamic User Groups are used to dynamically group users based on attributes like username, group membership, or device posture. They are not relevant for managing URL categories.
B . SNMP SET: SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is primarily used for monitoring and retrieving operational data from network devices. While SNMP can be used to make some configuration changes, it is not well-suited for complex configuration updates like adding multiple URLs to a category. The XML API is the preferred method for configuration changes.
C . Dynamic Address Groups: Dynamic Address Groups are used to dynamically populate address groups based on criteria like tags, IP addresses, or FQDNs. They are intended for managing IP addresses and not URLs, so they are not applicable to this scenario.
Palo Alto Networks Reference:
The primary reference for this is the Palo Alto Networks XML API documentation. Searching the Palo Alto Networks support site (live.paloaltonetworks.com) for 'XML API' will provide access to the latest documentation. This documentation details the various API calls available, including those for managing URL categories.
Specifically, you would look for API calls related to:
Creating or modifying custom URL categories.
Adding or removing URLs from a URL category.
The XML API documentation provides examples and detailed information on how to construct the XML requests and interpret the responses. This is crucial for developing a script to automate the URL updates.
Which three statements describe benefits of the memory scaling feature introduced in PAN-OS 10.2? (Choose three.)
Memory scaling in PAN-OS 10.2 and later enhances capacity for certain functions.
Why B, C, and E are correct:
B . Increased maximum sessions with additional memory: More memory allows the firewall to maintain state for a larger number of concurrent sessions.
C . Increased maximum number of Dynamic Address Groups with additional memory: DAGs consume memory, so scaling memory allows for more DAGs.
E . Increased maximum security rule count with additional memory: More memory allows the firewall to store and process a larger number of security rules.
Why A and D are incorrect:
A . Increased maximum throughput with additional memory: Throughput is primarily related to CPU and network interface performance, not memory.
D . Increased number of tags per IP address with additional memory: The number of tags per IP is not directly tied to the memory scaling feature.
Palo Alto Networks Reference:
PAN-OS Release Notes for 10.2 and later: The release notes for PAN-OS versions introducing memory scaling explain the benefits in detail.
PAN-OS Administrator's Guide: The guide may also contain information about resource limits and the impact of memory scaling.
The release notes specifically mention the increased capacity for sessions, DAGs, and security rules as key benefits of memory scaling.
A systems engineer (SE) is informed by the primary contact at a bank of an unused balance of 15,000 software NGFW flexible credits the bank does not want to lose when they expire in 1.5 years. The SE is told that the bank's new risk and compliance officer is concerned that its operation is too permissive when allowing its servers to send traffic to SaaS vendors. Currently, its AWS and Azure VM-Series firewalls only use Advanced Threat Prevention.
What should the SE recommend to address the customer's concerns?
The core issue is the customer's concern about overly permissive outbound traffic to SaaS vendors and the desire to utilize expiring software NGFW credits. The best approach is a structured, needs-based assessment before simply activating features. Option C directly addresses this.
Why C is correct: Verifying conformance to standards and regulations, assessing risk and criticality of workloads, and then aligning subscriptions to those needs is the most responsible and effective approach. This ensures the customer invests in the right security capabilities that address their specific concerns and compliance requirements, maximizing the value of their credits. This aligns with Palo Alto Networks best practices for security deployments, which emphasize a risk-based approach.
Why A, B, and D are incorrect:
A and D: Simply activating Advanced WildFire without understanding the customer's specific needs is not a strategic approach. Starting with the largest or smallest vCPU models is arbitrary and doesn't guarantee the best use of resources or the most effective security posture. It also doesn't directly address the SaaS traffic concerns.
B: Subscribing to all available services just to use up credits is wasteful and might not address the customer's core concerns. It's crucial to prioritize based on actual needs, not just available funds.
Which three statements describe common characteristics of Cloud NGFW and VM-Series offerings? (Choose three.)
This question asks about common characteristics of Cloud NGFW (specifically referring to Cloud NGFW for AWS and Azure) and VM-Series firewalls.
B . In Azure and AWS, both offerings can be managed by Panorama. This is correct. Panorama is the centralized management platform for Palo Alto Networks firewalls, including both VM-Series and Cloud NGFW deployments in AWS and Azure. Panorama allows for consistent policy management, logging, and reporting across these different deployment models.
D . In Azure, inbound destination NAT configuration also requires source NAT to maintain flow symmetry. This is accurate specifically within the Azure environment. Due to how Azure networking functions, when performing destination NAT (DNAT) for inbound traffic to resources behind a firewall (whether VM-Series or Cloud NGFW), it's typically necessary to also implement source NAT (SNAT) to ensure return traffic follows the same path. This maintains flow symmetry and prevents routing issues. This is an Azure networking characteristic, not specific to the Palo Alto offerings themselves, but it applies to both in Azure.
E . In Azure and AWS, internal (east-west) flows can be inspected without any NAT. This is generally true. For traffic within the same Virtual Network (Azure) or VPC (AWS), both VM-Series and Cloud NGFW can inspect traffic without requiring NAT. This is a key advantage for microsegmentation and internal security. The firewalls can act as transparent security gateways for internal traffic.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . In Azure, both offerings can be integrated directly into Virtual WAN hubs. While VM-Series firewalls can be integrated into Azure Virtual WAN hubs as secured virtual hubs, Cloud NGFW for Azure is not directly integrated into Virtual WAN hubs in the same way. Cloud NGFW for Azure uses a different architecture, deploying as a service within a virtual network.
C . In AWS, both offerings can be managed by AWS Firewall Manager. AWS Firewall Manager is a service for managing AWS WAF, AWS Shield, and network firewalls (AWS Network Firewall). While AWS Firewall Manager can be used to manage AWS Network Firewall, it is not the management plane for Palo Alto Networks VM-Series or Cloud NGFW for AWS. These are managed by Panorama.
Palo Alto Networks Reference:
To validate these points, refer to the following documentation areas on the Palo Alto Networks support site (live.paloaltonetworks.com):
Panorama Administrator's Guide: This guide details the management capabilities of Panorama, including managing VM-Series and Cloud NGFW deployments in AWS and Azure.
Cloud NGFW for AWS/Azure Documentation: This documentation outlines the architecture and deployment models of Cloud NGFW, including its management and integration with cloud platforms.
VM-Series Deployment Guides for AWS/Azure: These guides describe the deployment and configuration of VM-Series firewalls in AWS and Azure, including networking considerations and integration with cloud services.
What are two benefits of credit-based flexible licensing for software firewalls? (Choose two.)
Credit-based flexible licensing provides flexibility in deploying and managing Palo Alto Networks software firewalls. Let's analyze the options:
A . Create virtual Panoramas: While Panorama can manage software firewalls, credit-based licensing is primarily focused on the firewalls themselves (VM-Series, CN-Series, Cloud NGFW), not on Panorama. Panorama has its own licensing model.
B . Add Cloud-Delivered Security Services (CDSS) subscriptions to CN-Series firewalls: This is a VALID benefit. Credit-based licensing allows customers to use credits to enable CDSS subscriptions (like Threat Prevention, URL Filtering, WildFire) on CN-Series firewalls. This provides flexibility in choosing and applying security services as needed.
C . Create Cloud NGFWs: This is a VALID benefit. Cloud NGFW for AWS and Azure are licensed through a credit-based system. Customers consume credits based on usage.
D . Add Cloud-Delivered Security Services (CDSS) subscriptions to PA-Series firewalls: PA-Series firewalls are hardware appliances and use traditional licensing methods. Credit-based licensing is not applicable to them.
