The answer is C because the code fragment uses a different syntax and logic for the reduce operation than the other options. The reduce method in option C takes a single parameter, which is a BinaryOperator that combines two elements of the stream into one. The method returns an Optional, which may or may not contain a value depending on whether the stream is empty or not. The code fragment then adds 5 to the result of the reduce method, regardless of whether it is present or not. This may cause an exception if the Optional is empty, or produce a different value than the other options if the Optional is not empty.

The other options use a different syntax and logic for the reduce operation. They all take two parameters, which are an identity value and a BinaryOperator that combines an element of the stream with an accumulator. The method returns the final accumulator value, which is equal to the identity value if the stream is empty, or the result of applying the BinaryOperator to all elements of the stream otherwise. The code fragments then add 5 to the result of the reduce method, which will always produce a valid value.

For example, suppose listOfNumbers contains [1, 2, 3]. Then, option A will perform the following steps:

Initialize accumulator to identity value 5

Apply BinaryOperator Integer::sum to accumulator and first element: 5 + 1 = 6

Update accumulator to 6

Apply BinaryOperator Integer::sum to accumulator and second element: 6 + 2 = 8

Update accumulator to 8

Apply BinaryOperator Integer::sum to accumulator and third element: 8 + 3 = 11

Update accumulator to 11

Return final accumulator value 11

Add 5 to final accumulator value: 11 + 5 = 16

Option B will perform the same steps as option A, except using a lambda expression instead of a method reference for the BinaryOperator. Option D will perform the same steps as option A, except using parallelStream instead of stream, which may change the order of applying the BinaryOperator but not the final result. Option E will perform the same steps as option A, except using identity value 0 instead of 5.

Option C, however, will perform the following steps:

Apply BinaryOperator Integer::sum to first and second element: 1 + 2 = 3

Apply BinaryOperator Integer::sum to previous result and third element: 3 + 3 = 6

Return Optional containing final result value 6

Add 5 to Optional value: Optional.of(6) + 5 = Optional.of(11)

As you can see, option C produces a different value than the other options, and also uses a different syntax and logic for the reduce operation.Reference:

Oracle Certified Professional: Java SE 17 Developer

Java SE 17 Developer

OCP Oracle Certified Professional Java SE 17 Developer Study Guide

Guide to Stream.reduce()

The code given is an interface and a class that implements the interface. The interface has three methods, m1(), m2(), and m3(). The class has one method, m1(). The only two method invocations that will execute are D and E. D is a call to the m2() method in the class, and E is a call to the m3() method in the interface.Reference: https://education.oracle.com/products/trackp_OCPJSE17,3,4,5

The answer is C because the code fragment given is an abstract sealed interface SInt that permits Story and Art. The correct answer is option C, which is a sealed interface Story that extends SInt and a non-sealed class Art that implements SInt. This is because a sealed interface can only be extended by the classes or interfaces that it permits, and a non-sealed class can implement a sealed interface.

Option A is incorrect because interface is misspelled as interace, and Story and Art should be capitalized as they are the names of the permitted classes or interfaces.

Option B is incorrect because public is misspelled as public, and sInd should be SInt as it is the name of the sealed interface.

Option D is incorrect because a non-sealed interface cannot extend a sealed interface, as it would violate the restriction of permitted subtypes.

Option E is incorrect because both Story and Art cannot be non-sealed interfaces, as they would also violate the restriction of permitted subtypes.

Oracle Certified Professional: Java SE 17 Developer

Java SE 17 Developer

OCP Oracle Certified Professional Java SE 17 Developer Study Guide

Sealed Classes and Interfaces in Java 15 | Baeldung

Sealed Class in Java - Javatpoint

The code fragment is using the bitwise operators & (AND), | (OR), and ^ (XOR) to perform operations on the binary representations of the integer values. The & operator returns a 1 in each bit position where both operands have a 1, the | operator returns a 1 in each bit position where either operand has a 1, and the ^ operator returns a 1 in each bit position where only one operand has a 1. The binary representations of the integer values are as follows:

1000 = 1111101000

100 = 1100100

101 = 1100101

The code fragment performs the following operations:

x = x ^ y; // x becomes 1111010101, which is 1001 in decimal

y = x ^ y; // y becomes 1100100, which is 100 in decimal

x = x ^ y; // x becomes 1100101, which is 101 in decimal

The code fragment then prints out the values of x, y, and z, which are 1001, 100, and 1000 respectively. Therefore, option D is correct.

The code fragment in Option C invokes all callable objects in the workers set by using the ExecutorService's invokeAll() method. This method takes a collection of Callable objects and returns a list of Future objects representing the results of the tasks. The other options are incorrect because they either use the wrong method (invokeAny() or submit()) or have syntax errors (missing parentheses or semicolons).Reference:AbstractExecutorService (Java SE 17 & JDK 17) - Oracle