Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the broadest field encompassing all technologies that enable machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. Within AI, Machine Learning (ML) is a subset focused on the development of algorithms that allow systems to learn from and make predictions or decisions based on data. Deep Learning (DL) is a further subset of ML, characterized by the use of artificial neural networks with many layers (hence 'deep').

In this hierarchy:

AI includes all methods to make machines intelligent.

ML refers to the methods within AI that focus on learning from data.

DL is a specialized field within ML that deals with deep neural networks.

The OCI Language service offers several pretrained language processing capabilities, including Text Classification, Sentiment Analysis, and Language Detection. However, it does not natively support Text Generation as a part of its core language processing capabilities. Text Generation typically involves creating new content based on input prompts, which is a feature more commonly associated with models specifically designed for natural language generation.

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that focuses on understanding relationships within data without the need for labeled outcomes. Unlike supervised learning, which requires labeled data to train models to make predictions or classifications, unsupervised learning works with unlabeled data and aims to discover hidden patterns, groupings, or structures within the data.

Common applications of unsupervised learning include clustering, where the algorithm groups data points into clusters based on similarities, and association, where it identifies relationships between variables in the dataset. Since unsupervised learning does not predict outcomes but rather uncovers inherent structures, it is ideal for exploratory data analysis and discovering previously unknown patterns in data .

Backpropagation is the algorithm primarily used for adjusting the weights of connections between neurons during the training of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). It is a supervised learning algorithm that calculates the gradient of the loss function with respect to each weight by applying the chain rule, propagating the error backward from the output layer to the input layer. This process updates the weights to minimize the error, thus improving the model's accuracy over time.

Gradient Descent is closely related as it is the optimization algorithm used to adjust the weights based on the gradients computed by backpropagation, but backpropagation is the specific method used to calculate these gradients.

Computer Vision is the AI domain specifically employed for identifying patterns in images and extracting relevant features. This field focuses on enabling machines to interpret and understand visual information from the world, automating tasks that the human visual system can perform, such as recognizing objects, analyzing scenes, and detecting anomalies. Techniques in Computer Vision are widely used in applications ranging from facial recognition and image classification to medical image analysis and autonomous vehicles.