The two approaches that can be used to build the e-commerce website and achieve deployment in-dependence, easier technology upgrades, and resiliency to architecture changes are: Implement each module as an independent service/process: This approach is aligned with the microservices architecture, where each module or functionality is developed and deployed as a separate service. This al-lows for independent updates, replacements, or deletions of specific modules without disrupting the rest of the application. It provides flexibility, scalability, and easier technology upgrades by enabling the use of different technologies and frameworks for different services. Use microservices architec-ture: Microservices architecture involves breaking down the application into smaller, loosely coupled services that communicate with each other through APIs. This architecture promotes independent deployment of services, making it easier to update or modify specific services without affecting the entire application. It allows for better scalability, fault isolation, and resiliency to architecture changes. The monolithic approach, where the entire application is built as a single unit, is not suitable for achieving the mentioned goals. It can lead to challenges in deployment independence, technology upgrades, and adaptability to newer technologies.

The statements that are true for scaling an OKE cluster to meet growing demand are:

Enable autoscaling by autoscaling Pods by deploying Kubernetes Autoscaler to collect resource metrics from each worker node in the cluster. Pod autoscaling is a feature that allows you to adjust the number of pods in a deployment or replica set based on the CPU or memory utilization of the pods. You can use Kubernetes Autoscaler, which is an add-on component that you can install on your OKE cluster, to collect resource metrics from each worker node and scale the pods up or down accordingly.

Enable cluster autoscaling by autoscaling node pools by deploying the Kubernetes Autoscaler to automatically resize a cluster's node pools based on application workload demands. Cluster autoscaling is a feature that allows you to adjust the number of nodes in a node pool based on the pod requests and limits of the pods running on the nodes. You can use Kubernetes Autoscaler, which is an add-on component that you can install on your OKE cluster, to monitor the pod requests and limits and scale the node pools up or down accordingly.

Scale a node pool up and down to change the number of worker nodes in the node pool, and the availability domains and subnets in which to place them. A node pool is a group of worker nodes within an OKE cluster that share the same configuration, such as shape, image, subnet, etc. You can use OCI Console, CLI, or API to scale a node pool up and down by adding or removing worker nodes from it. You can also change the availability domains and subnets for your node pool to distribute your nodes across different fault domains. Scaling a node pool allows you to adjust your cluster capacity according to your application workload demands. Verified Reference: [Scaling Clusters - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Container Engine for Kubernetes], [Scaling Node Pools - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Container Engine for Kubernetes]

The correct answer is: From the version menu, select 'Promote to current.' To rollback to a previous version in OCI Secret Management within a Vault, the administrator should select the desired version from the version menu and choose the option 'Promote to current.' In this scenario, the administrator wants to rollback to version 1, so they would select version 1 from the menu and promote it to the current version. This action will make version 1 the active and current version of the secret, replacing version 2. The 'Promote to current' option allows administrators to switch between different versions of a secret and make a specific version the active one.

The cluster option that is the best fit for ensuring reliable operations of Kubernetes at scale while minimizing the operational overhead of managing the worker node infrastructure is using OCI OKE virtual nodes to eliminate worker node infrastructure management. OKE is a fully managed service that allows you to run and manage your Kubernetes cluster on OCI. A Kubernetes cluster consists of a control plane and a set of worker nodes that run your containerized applications. OKE provides a highly available and secure control plane that is managed by Oracle, while you are responsible for managing the worker node infrastructure. However, OKE also supports virtual nodes, which are serverless compute resources that are automatically provisioned and scaled by OCI based on your application workload demands. Virtual nodes eliminate the need for managing worker node infrastructure, such as security patches, updates, scaling, etc. Virtual nodes also offer a serverless Kubernetes experience, where you can focus on developing and deploying your applications without worrying about the underlying infrastructure. Verified Reference: [Container Engine for Kubernetes - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Developer Tools], [Virtual Nodes - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Container Engine for Kubernetes]