The correct syntax for implementing a rolling update deployment strategy in Kubernetes using the kubectl command is: kubectl rolling-update <deployment-name> --image=image:v2 This command initiates a rolling update of the specified deployment by updating the container image to image:v2. The rolling update strategy ensures that the new version of the application is gradually deployed while maintaining availability and minimizing downtime.

The two statements that are NOT valid regarding the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Streaming service are: A stream can be configured with either a public or a private endpoint with support for customer managed encryption keys. This statement is not valid because the OCI Streaming service currently supports only private endpoints. Customer managed encryption keys are not currently supported for OCI Streaming. OCI Streaming can support up to 2,000 requests per second to each partition. This statement is not valid because the throughput of a stream is not defined by the partition in terms of requests per second. The throughput of a stream is defined in terms of data input and output rates. Each partition provides 1 MB/sec data input and 2 MB/sec data output, but it does not correspond to a specific number of requests per second. The other statements are valid: OCI Streaming stores all data for 24 hours by default, but that can be extended up to 7 days. Although OCI Streaming automatically encrypts all data while in transit, it is the developer's responsibility to encrypt data at rest, if needed.

The appropriate logging approach for services running in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Container Engine for Kubernetes (OKE) is: 'All services log to standard output only.' When running services in a containerized environment like OKE, it is recommended to follow the Twelve-Factor App methodology, which suggests treating logs as event streams. According to this methodology, services should write their log events to standard output (stdout) instead of writing to log files. By logging to standard output, the container runtime (such as Kubernetes) can collect and aggregate the logs generated by the services. These logs can then be accessed and managed through the container runtime's logging infrastructure. Logging to standard output offers several advantages in a containerized environment: Simplicity and consistency: Standardizing on logging to stdout ensures a consistent approach across different services, making it easier to manage and analyze logs. Log aggregation: The container runtime can collect the logs from all the running containers and provide centralized log management, allowing you to access and search logs from different services in one place. Scalability: Since logs are written to stdout, they can be easily handled by the container runtime's log management system, which can scale to handle large volumes of log data. Separation of concerns: By logging to stdout, the responsibility of managing log files and their rotation is shifted to the container runtime, allowing the services to focus on their core functionality. While it is possible to log to log files or external logging systems, the recommended approach in a containerized environment like OKE is to log to standard output and leverage the logging infrastructure provided by the container runtime.

API mocking is a technique that simulates the behavior of real APIs without requiring the actual implementation or deployment of the dependent services1.API mocking allows you to test changes to service A without deploying all of its dependencies, such as service B, by creating mock responses for the APIs that service A relies on1.API mocking has several benefits, such as1:

Faster testing: You can test your service A without waiting for service B to be ready or available, which reduces the testing time and feedback loop.

Isolated testing: You can test your service A in isolation from service B, which eliminates the possibility of external factors affecting the test results or causing errors.

Controlled testing: You can test your service A with different scenarios and edge cases by creating mock responses that mimic various situations, such as success, failure, timeout, etc.

The three OCI services that can be leveraged to securely store and version your application's source code, and automate the building, testing, and deployment of applications to the OCI platform are: DevOps: OCI provides a comprehensive set of DevOps services, including Oracle Developer Cloud Service, which allows you to manage source code repositories, automate builds and testing, and streamline the deployment process. Container Engine for Kubernetes: OCI's Container Engine for Kubernetes (OKE) enables you to deploy and manage containerized applications using Kubernetes. It provides a scalable and reliable platform for automating the deployment of your applications. Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Registry: OCI Registry is a fully managed, private container registry that allows you to securely store and manage Docker images. It integrates with other OCI services, such as Container Engine for Kubernetes, to facilitate seamless deployment and orchestration of containerized applications. These services combined provide the necessary tools and infrastructure to support continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) workflows, enabling efficient and automated application development and deployment processes in the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure environment.