Which of the following tests is conducted to detect the hypokinetic and a kinetic wall motion of the heart and check the ejection fraction?
An echocardiogram is a diagnostic test used to detect hypokinetic (reduced movement) and akinetic (no movement) wall motion of the heart and to assess the ejection fraction, which measures the percentage of blood leaving the heart each time it contracts. This test uses ultrasound waves to create images of the heart's structure and function. An electrocardiogram (ECG) records the electrical activity of the heart, angiography visualizes blood vessels, and a stress test evaluates the heart's response to physical exertion.
A client with major depressive disorder is placed on phenelzine 15 mg BID. The nurse discussed with the client the dietary restrictions to follow while taking this medication.
Which of the following instructions MUST be included in teaching?
Phenelzine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) used to treat major depressive disorder. Patients taking MAOIs must avoid foods high in tyramine to prevent hypertensive crises. Parmesan cheese, beef liver, and raisins are high in tyramine and should be avoided. Garlic, fish, egg yolks, milk, peanuts, tomatoes, black beans, and pears do not typically contain high levels of tyramine and are generally safe to consume while taking MAOIs. The dietary restrictions are crucial to preventing dangerous interactions and maintaining patient safety.
While caring for a patient diagnosed with cerebrovascular accident, the nurse noted that the patient is unable to recognize familiar objects.
The nurse would use which of the following terms to describe the finding?
Agnosia is the term used to describe a condition where a person is unable to recognize familiar objects, even though their sensory modalities (like vision or hearing) are intact. This can occur after a cerebrovascular accident (stroke) if the part of the brain responsible for processing sensory information is damaged. Apraxia refers to the inability to perform purposeful movements or tasks despite having the desire and physical ability to do so. Aphasia is a condition characterized by the inability to understand or express speech. Anopsia refers to a defect in the visual field.
A group of nurses conducting a systematic review to identify best practice evidence for hemodialysis in patient with anemia.
Which of the following should considered based on level of research evidence?
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the highest level of evidence in research because they reduce bias and provide the most reliable results. When conducting a systematic review to identify best practice evidence for hemodialysis in patients with anemia, RCTs should be prioritized. These studies provide strong evidence on the efficacy of interventions. Case-control studies, non-experimental studies, and quasi-experimental studies provide valuable information but are considered lower levels of evidence compared to RCTs.
A woman attends the health center with complaints of sudden, severe and sharp pain in the lower abdomen and an absence of menses for 8 weeks. The ultrasound reveals ectopic pregnancy.
When interviewing the woman, which of the following will the nurse ask about as risk factor of ectopic pregnancy?
A history of chlamydial infection is a significant risk factor for ectopic pregnancy. Chlamydia can cause scarring and damage to the fallopian tubes, increasing the likelihood of a fertilized egg implanting outside the uterus. Oral contraceptive usage generally reduces the risk of ectopic pregnancy. The frequency of sexual activity and history of urinary tract infections are not directly related to the risk of ectopic pregnancy. Identifying and understanding these risk factors is essential for appropriate management and prevention strategies.
