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While caring for a patient diagnosed with cerebrovascular accident, the nurse noted that the patient is unable to recognize familiar objects.
The nurse would use which of the following terms to describe the finding?
Agnosia is the term used to describe a condition where a person is unable to recognize familiar objects, even though their sensory modalities (like vision or hearing) are intact. This can occur after a cerebrovascular accident (stroke) if the part of the brain responsible for processing sensory information is damaged. Apraxia refers to the inability to perform purposeful movements or tasks despite having the desire and physical ability to do so. Aphasia is a condition characterized by the inability to understand or express speech. Anopsia refers to a defect in the visual field.
The nurse understands that one of the following cases is anticipated to receive opioids for extended periods of time:
Opioid Use for Chronic Pain:
Opioids are often prescribed for severe, persistent pain conditions where other treatments have failed or are inappropriate.
Conditions Requiring Long-term Opioids:
Muscular Atrophy and Phantom Limb Pain: Can be managed with other medications and therapies.
Progressive Cancer: Often involves severe pain, making long-term opioid use necessary to manage pain and improve quality of life.
Migraine Headache: Typically treated with specific migraine medications and not long-term opioids.
American Cancer Society on Pain Management
World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on Cancer Pain Relief
Which of the following characteristics of older adults would be expected in today's society?
Chronic Conditions and ADLs:
Older adults are more likely to suffer from chronic conditions such as arthritis, hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes. These conditions can lead to some limitations in Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), which include tasks like bathing, dressing, eating, and walking.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), chronic diseases are the leading cause of death and disability in the United States, and they significantly impact the quality of life of older adults.
Living Arrangements:
While many older adults do live independently or in home care settings, a significant number also live with chronic conditions that impact their ADLs, hence answer B is less accurate compared to A.
As per the Administration for Community Living (ACL), the majority of older adults do live independently; however, chronic conditions still play a significant role in their daily lives.
Labor Force Participation:
There is an increase in the percentage of older adults in the labor force, but this is not a primary characteristic affecting most older adults today.
Marital Status and Mortality:
Studies have shown that married individuals often have a lower mortality rate compared to unmarried individuals, making option D incorrect.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Administration for Community Living (ACL)
A nurse visited a postpartum mother who delivered a baby boy 3 days ago. During assessment, the nurse suspects that the mother is having postpartum depression.
Which behavior suggests the condition in the mother?
Postpartum Depression Symptoms:
Postpartum depression can manifest in various ways, affecting the mother's ability to care for herself and her baby.
Behavioral Indicators:
Euthymia: Indicates normal mood, not a sign of depression.
Eating Too Little: Can be a symptom but not as specific to postpartum depression.
Weakness to Care for the Baby: A significant indicator, as it shows the mother's lack of energy, interest, or capability to perform daily tasks related to baby care.
Difficulty Breastfeeding: Could be due to various reasons and not solely indicative of depression.
American Psychological Association (APA) on Postpartum Depression
Mayo Clinic guidelines on Postpartum Depression
A nurse is examining a 24-month-old child with hydrocephalus for the development of later signs of hydrocephalus.
Which of the following signs the nurse would find?
In a 24-month-old child with hydrocephalus, later signs of the condition include frontal bossing, which is the prominent, protruding forehead caused by the enlargement of the frontal bone. This is a characteristic feature of chronic hydrocephalus. Bulging fontanels, separated sutures, and dilated scalp veins are typically earlier signs of hydrocephalus seen in younger infants before the cranial sutures close. As the child ages, frontal bossing becomes more apparent due to prolonged intracranial pressure.
