Which mechanisms can be put in place to increase network survivability?
There are two main mechanisms that can be put in place to increase network survivability: protection and restoration. Protection involves pre-allocating and reserving backup resources so that they are ready in case of a failure. Restoration involves allocating backup resources upon failure and using a 1+1 protection mechanism to recover each trail. This ensures that the network is able to re-route traffic in the event of a failure, increasing the overall survivability of the network.
What is the meaning of first, second, and third window in the optical fiber propagation context?
In optical fiber propagation context, the first, second, and third window refer to different wavelength intervals where the WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) optical transmission occurs.
The first window is the lowest loss window and is typically in the range of 1300-1324nm. This is the most commonly used window for long-haul communications.
The second window is the 1550 nm window and is the most widely used window for long-haul and ultra-long-haul communications. This window has a lower attenuation than the first window, but it also has more dispersion, which can limit the maximum transmission distance.
The third window is the range of 1625-1675 nm, it is also called the L-band window. This window has lower attenuation than the first and second window but its usage is limited due to the high cost of equipment and lack of commercial devices.
These windows are used in WDM systems to increase the capacity of the fiber by transmitting multiple channels of data at different wavelengths on the same fiber.
A,C,D are not correct as they are not related to the meaning of first, second, and third window in the optical fiber propagation context.
Nokia Optical Networking Fundamentals, Nokia Press (ISBN:978-1-4822-8109-4)
https://www.nokia.com/networks/solutions/optical-networking/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength-division_multiplexing
Which of the following statements is true?
A log is a record of events that have occurred within a system, such as a network device or an application. Logs can include information about system activity, configuration changes, and error messages. They can be used for troubleshooting, auditing, and compliance purposes. Logs can report both active (real-time) and historical events that have occurred within a system.
Alarms and conditions, on the other hand, are used to notify operators of real-time status of the node, such as when a threshold is breached or when a specific event occurs. Alarms and conditions are typically used to provide real-time notifications of potential problems or issues, while logs are used to provide a historical record of what has occurred.
What is the OAMP LAN interface?
It is an RJ-45 interface (a common Ethernet port) that has to be configured with an IP address for node reachability and management. This interface is used to connect the OAMP node to the LAN, allowing it to be managed and monitored remotely.
Is it possible to mix PSS-24x and PSS-8x shelves In an SWDM configuration?
No, it is not possible to mix PSS-24x and PSS-8x shelves in an SWDM (Short Wavelength Division Multiplexing) configuration. The two shelves are not compatible, and cannot be used within the same node.
