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Which of these is an example of postrenal acute kidney injury (AKI)?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an example of postrenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Postrenal AKI, as the name suggests, involves an effect 'post' or 'beyond' the kidney, to problems that emerge downstream from the kidney. BPH is one such example of that. Other examples include kidney stones, bladder stones and bladder cancer.
What vitamin should the a patient receive to avoid Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome?
Thiamine should be administered to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy.
http://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-moderate-and-severe-alcohol-withdrawal-syndromes
Which of the following antidiabetic medication works by decreasing glucose reabsorption?
Empagliflozin is a SGLT2 inhibitor to decrease glucose reabsorption in the kidney. Linagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor that works on incretins/increase insulin secretion/decrease glucagon secretion. Pioglitazone is a TZD that increases insulin sensitivity. Exenatide is a GLP-1 agonist which increase insulin secretion/decrease glucagon secretion/increase satiety.
An order is received to start Milrinone at 0.75mcg/kg/min, Milrinone comes as 20mg/100ml D5W. What is the infusion rate in mL/hr? Patient weighs 115kg.
Patient dose: 0.75mcg 115kg = 86.25mcg/min (100mL/20mg) (86.25mcg/1hr) (60min/1hr) (1mg/1000mcg) = 25.875mL/hr Rate of infusion of Milrinone
A 22-year-old woman adopted a cat. Shortly thereafter, she developed itchy eyes and persistent rhinorrhe
a. She was clearly allergic to the pet, but desperately wanted to keep it. She tried taking diphenhydramine, but it had intolerable side effects.
Which of the following is a common effect of this type of medication?
Diphenhydramine possesses anticholinergic properties. Xerostomia, or dry mouth, is a common side effect of anti-cholinergic medications, due to anti-muscarinic, parasympatholytic effects. Other adverse reactions may include: * Mydriasis with blurred vision, photophobia * Urinary retention * Constipation * Anhidrosis * Hyperthermia * Tachycardia * Altered mental status
A commonly referenced mnemonic for anti-cholinergic toxicity is ''mad as a hatter, red as a beet, dry as a bone, hot as a hare, blind as a bat'' to reflect confusion, flushing, dry mouth, hyperthermia and mydriasis, respectively.
