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Which command, depending on its options, can display the open network connections, the routing tables, as well as network interface statistics. (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)
-a: This option displays active TCP connections, TCP connections with the listening state, as well as UDP ports that are being listened to.
-r: This option displays the routing table information, which is a list of rules that determine where the packets are sent.
-i: This option displays the network interface information, such as the name, MTU, RX-OK, TX-OK, etc.
-s: This option displays the network statistics by protocol, such as TCP, UDP, ICMP, IP, etc.
For example, to display the open network connections, one can run:
netstat -a
To display the routing table, one can run:
netstat -r
To display the network interface statistics, one can run:
netstat -i
To display the network statistics by protocol, one can run:
netstat -s
https://netref.soe.ucsc.edu/node/7
Of the ways listed, which is the best way to temporarily suspend a single user's ability to interactively login?
The best way to temporarily suspend a single user's ability to interactively login is to use the chage command to expire the user account. The chage command can modify the expiration date of a user account, which is stored in the /etc/shadow file. By setting the expiration date to a past date, the user account will be locked and the user will not be able to login. This method is temporary because the expiration date can be changed again to a future date or removed to unlock the user account. For example, to expire the user account linuxconfig, we can use the following command:
# chage -E 0 linuxconfig
This will set the expiration date to January 1, 1970, which is the epoch date. To check the expiration date of a user account, we can use the -l option:
# chage -l linuxconfig
Last password change : Aug 24, 2021
Password expires : never
Password inactive : never
Account expires : Jan 01, 1970
Minimum number of days between password change : 0
Maximum number of days between password change : 99999
Number of days of warning before password expires : 7
To remove the expiration date of a user account, we can use the -E option with an empty argument:
# chage -E '' linuxconfig
What is the purpose of TCP wrapper?
TCP wrapper is a security tool that allows you to restrict the access to a network service based on the source IP address or hostname of the client. TCP wrapper works by intercepting the incoming connection requests to a service and checking them against a set of rules defined in the/etc/hosts.allowand/etc/hosts.denyfiles. If the client is allowed, the connection is passed to the service. If the client is denied, the connection is rejected and an error message is logged.Reference:
LPI Linux Essentials: 1.5 Security and File Permissions: 1.5.3 Network Security
LPIC-1: System Administrator: 102.5 Implement basic network security: 102.5.1 TCP Wrappers
Which of the following steps prevents a user from obtaining an interactive login session?
Which of the following commands configure network interfaces based on the system's existing distribution-specific configuration files? (Choose two.)
