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You are configuring an aggregate route. In this scenario, which two statements are correct? (Choose two.)
When configuring an aggregate route, you have options for how to handle traffic that matches the route but does not match any more specific route in the routing table. Two actions can be taken: discard and reject.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Discard:
The discard option will silently drop packets that match the aggregate route. No notification is sent to the sender, and the packet is simply dropped.
Reject:
The reject option will drop the packet and also send an ICMP Destination Unreachable message back to the sender. This informs the sender that the packet could not be delivered because there is no specific route available.
Juniper Reference:
Aggregate Routes: The reject and discard next-hop options provide different levels of feedback when packets cannot be routed, and they can be used to control how unreachable destinations are handled.
Which state in the adjacency process do OSPF routers check the MTU size?
In OSPF, routers exchange link-state information in different stages to establish full adjacency. The MTU size is checked during the Exchange state.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
OSPF Adjacency Process:
OSPF routers go through multiple stages when forming an adjacency: Down, Init, 2-Way, ExStart, Exchange, Loading, and Full.
Exchange State:
During the Exchange state, OSPF routers exchange Database Description (DBD) packets to describe their link-state databases. The MTU size is checked at this stage to ensure both routers can successfully exchange these packets without fragmentation.
If there is an MTU mismatch, the routers may fail to proceed past the Exchange state.
Juniper Reference:
MTU Checking in OSPF: Junos uses the Exchange state to check for MTU mismatches, ensuring that routers can properly exchange database information without packet fragmentation issues.
Which signaling protocol is used for EVPN?
EVPN (Ethernet Virtual Private Network) is a standard protocol used for building Layer 2 and Layer 3 VPNs over an IP or MPLS network. The signaling protocol used for EVPN is BGP (Border Gateway Protocol).
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
BGP as the EVPN Signaling Protocol:
EVPN uses BGP to exchange MAC address reachability information between routers (PE devices). This enables devices to learn which MAC addresses are reachable through which PE devices, facilitating Layer 2 forwarding across an IP or MPLS core.
BGP Extensions for EVPN:
BGP is extended with new address families (e.g., EVPN NLRI) to carry both MAC and IP address information, allowing for scalable and efficient multi-tenant network solutions.
Juniper Reference:
Junos EVPN Configuration: Juniper uses BGP as the control plane for EVPN to exchange MAC and IP route information between different data center devices.
What is the primary purpose of an IRB Layer 3 interface?
The primary purpose of an IRB (Integrated Routing and Bridging) interface is to enable inter-VLAN routing in a Layer 3 environment. An IRB interface in Junos combines the functionality of both Layer 2 bridging (switching) and Layer 3 routing, allowing devices in different VLANs to communicate with each other.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
VLANs and Layer 2 Switching:
Devices within the same VLAN can communicate directly through Layer 2 switching. However, communication between devices in different VLANs requires Layer 3 routing.
IRB Interface for Inter-VLAN Routing:
The IRB interface provides a Layer 3 gateway for each VLAN, enabling routing between VLANs. Without an IRB interface, devices in different VLANs would not be able to communicate.
Configuration:
In Juniper devices, the IRB interface is configured by assigning Layer 3 IP addresses to it. These IP addresses serve as the default gateway for devices in different VLANs.
Example configuration:
set interfaces irb unit 0 family inet address 192.168.1.1/24
set vlans vlan-10 l3-interface irb.0
This allows VLAN 10 to use the IRB interface for routing.
Juniper Reference:
IRB Use Case: Inter-VLAN routing is essential in data centers where multiple VLANs are deployed, and Juniper's EX and QFX series switches support IRB configurations for this purpose.
In the Junos OS, which feature is used to create an alternate next hop with a unique preference for a static route?
In Junos OS, the qualified-next-hop feature is used to specify an alternate next hop for a static route, along with a unique preference value.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Qualified-Next-Hop:
A qualified-next-hop allows you to define multiple next hops for a static route, each with its own preference. This provides flexibility by allowing the router to choose the best available next hop based on reachability and preference.
Use Case:
If the primary next hop becomes unreachable, the router can automatically switch to the alternate next hop defined by the qualified-next-hop with a higher preference value.
Command Example:
set routing-options static route 10.10.10.0/24 qualified-next-hop 192.168.1.1 preference 5
set routing-options static route 10.10.10.0/24 qualified-next-hop 192.168.1.2 preference 10
Preference:
The next hop with the lowest preference is chosen first. If it becomes unavailable, the router will use the higher preference next hop.
Juniper Reference:
Qualified-Next-Hop: This feature is used to configure backup or alternate next hops for static routes in Juniper devices.
