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How does OSPF calculate the best path to a particular prefix?
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) calculates the best path based on the cost of the route, which is derived from the bandwidth of the interfaces along the path.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
OSPF Path Selection:
OSPF assigns a cost to each link, typically based on the link's bandwidth (higher bandwidth equals lower cost).
The OSPF algorithm computes the shortest path to a destination by adding the costs of all links in the path. The path with the numerically lowest total cost is chosen as the best path.
Cost Calculation:
The OSPF cost can be manually adjusted or automatically calculated using the default formula:
Cost=ReferenceBandwidthLinkBandwidth\text{Cost} = \frac{\text{Reference Bandwidth}}{\text{Link Bandwidth}}Cost=LinkBandwidthReferenceBandwidth
Juniper Reference:
OSPF Best Path Selection: OSPF selects the path with the lowest cumulative cost, ensuring efficient use of higher-bandwidth links in Junos networks.
Which route is preferred by the Junos OS software routing tables?
In Junos OS, direct routes are the most preferred routes in the routing table, having the highest priority.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Direct Routes:
Direct routes represent networks that are directly connected to the router's interfaces. Since these routes are directly accessible, they are assigned the highest priority and always take precedence over other types of routes.
Preference Values:
Direct routes have a preference of 0, which is the most preferred in Junos. Static routes, OSPF routes, and BGP routes have higher preference values and will only be used if there are no direct routes to the destination.
Juniper Reference:
Direct Route Preference: In Junos, direct routes are always preferred over other routes, ensuring that the router forwards traffic through locally connected networks.
Which statement is correct about areas in OSPF?
In OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), areas are used to segment a network into smaller, more manageable pieces to improve scalability. By dividing a network into areas, OSPF can reduce the size of the link-state database (LSDB), which helps routers process updates more efficiently.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Purpose of OSPF Areas:
OSPF areas allow for hierarchical routing within the OSPF domain. Routers in the same area have identical LSDBs, but routers in different areas do not exchange full link-state information. Instead, they exchange summarized routes, which reduces the LSDB size and CPU/memory usage.
Benefits:
Reducing the LSDB size improves scalability and ensures faster convergence in larger networks. Area 0 is the backbone area, and all other areas must connect to it, forming a hierarchical structure.
Juniper Reference:
OSPF Configuration: Areas in OSPF are configured to optimize network performance by limiting the scope of link-state advertisements (LSAs) to within an area.
Which two statements are correct about aggregate routes and generated routes? (Choose two.)
Aggregate routes and generated routes are used to create summarized routes in Junos, but they behave differently in terms of forwarding.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Aggregate Routes:
An aggregate route summarizes a set of more specific routes, but it does not have a direct forwarding next hop. Instead, it points to the more specific routes for actual packet forwarding.
Generated Routes:
A generated route also summarizes specific routes, but it has a forwarding next hop that is determined based on the availability of contributing routes. The generated route can be used to directly forward traffic.
Juniper Reference:
Aggregate and Generated Routes: In Junos, aggregate routes rely on more specific routes for forwarding, while generated routes can forward traffic directly based on their next-hop information.
What is the default route preference of a static route in the Junos OS?
In Junos OS, the default route preference for a static route is 5. Route preference values are used to determine which route should be installed in the routing table when multiple routes to the same destination are available.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Static Route Preference:
A static route, by default, has a preference of 5, making it a highly preferred route. Lower preference values are more preferred in Junos, meaning static routes take precedence over most dynamic routing protocol routes, such as OSPF (preference 10) or BGP (preference 170).
Route Preference:
Route preference is a key factor in the Junos routing decision process. Routes with lower preference values are preferred and installed in the forwarding table.
Juniper Reference:
Static Routes: In Junos, the default preference for static routes is 5, making them more preferred than most dynamic routes.
