You are developing the code that controls an industrial Espresso machine which will be operated by waiting staff in restaurants.
The machine is rather complicated and has lots of switches and buttons, so in the next iteration instructions will be provided to the operator on a small LCD screen.
A User Story for the Operator-Instructions module is as follows:
"As an operator of the Espresso machine, I would like to know how to steam milk, so I can add steamed milk to the coffee."
The following is a list of risks identified for this story, with assigned probability and impact.
Which of these is most correct in the context of the given User Story?
SELECT ONE OPTION
In the context of the provided User Story for the Operator-Instructions module of an industrial Espresso machine, option B is the most pertinent risk. This option states, 'The instructions may be incorrect or appear in the wrong order. Probability: Low. Impact: High.' This risk directly affects the core functionality described in the User Story, which is to provide operators with accurate instructions for steaming milk.
Agile methodologies emphasize the importance of delivering value to the customer through functional and usable increments of the product. Incorrect or improperly ordered instructions would directly undermine the usability of the Espresso machine for its intended operators, potentially leading to operational errors, customer dissatisfaction, and a failure to deliver the intended value of the User Story.
While the other risks mentioned (A, C, and D) might have their relevance in broader project considerations, they do not directly impact the achievement of the User Story's goal as much as option B does. The risk of incorrect or out-of-order instructions is particularly significant because it could lead to improper operation of the machine, resulting in quality issues with the product (steamed milk in this case) or even damage to the machine, both of which have high impact on the project's success.
Therefore, option B is the verified answer as it most accurately reflects a risk that is directly related to the achievement of the User Story's objective, aligning with agile principles of focusing on delivering functional and valuable product increments to the customer.
Which of the following would provide the MOST independence for testers working with agile teams?
SELECT ONE OPTION
In Agile project environments, embedding testers within the Agile teams promotes close collaboration, immediate feedback, and continuous improvement, essential principles of Agile methodologies. This integration enables testers to be involved in all stages of the development process, from planning and design to execution and review, facilitating early detection of defects, understanding of user requirements, and adherence to quality standards. The Agile Manifesto emphasizes individuals and interactions over processes and tools, advocating for collaborative team environments where business people and developers work together daily throughout the project. This approach contrasts with traditional methods where testing is often conducted in isolation or after development phases, potentially leading to delays and reduced quality due to the late discovery of issues.
Which ONE of the following is an example of a typical "Business-oriented work product"?
SELECT ONE OPTION
In Agile projects, a 'Business-oriented work product' refers to any deliverable that provides business value or is directly usable by the end users or stakeholders of the project. Among the options provided, a user manual is a typical example of a business-oriented work product because it is designed for end users, helping them understand and use the product effectively. Other options, such as the released product itself, acceptance testing criteria, and usability test results, while important, do not fit the definition of a business-oriented work product in the same direct manner as a user manual does.
Which tasks are typically performed by a tester on an Agile project?
i) Implementing test strategy.
ii) Documenting business requirements.
iii) Measuring and reporting test coverage.
iv) Coaching development team in relevant aspects of testing.
v) Executing test-driven development tests.
SELECT ONE OPTION
In an agile project, testers often perform tasks beyond traditional testing roles, including implementing test strategy (i), measuring and reporting test coverage (iii), and coaching the development team on relevant aspects of testing (iv). Implementing test strategy involves planning how testing will be conducted within the agile framework, ensuring that testing aligns with agile principles and practices. Measuring and reporting test coverage help the team understand the extent to which the codebase is tested, which is crucial for maintaining quality in fast-paced agile environments. Coaching the development team involves sharing knowledge on testing best practices and fostering a quality-centric mindset across the team. These activities contribute to the collaborative and iterative nature of agile projects, where continuous feedback and improvement are emphasized.
Which ONE of the following is a testable acceptance criterion?
SELECT ONE OPTION
A testable acceptance criterion must be specific, measurable, and verifiable, which makes option C the correct choice. Stating that 'the response time to confirm a customer submission must not exceed 5 seconds' provides a clear, quantifiable measure that can be tested to determine whether the criterion has been met. This contrasts with more subjective criteria, such as the system being 'easy to use,' which cannot be easily quantified or measured in a straightforward manner. The specificity of the response time allows for the creation of test cases that can confirm whether the system meets this particular requirement, thus making it a testable acceptance criterion.
