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Below is the pseudo-code for the Win program:
The bingo program contains a data flow anomaly. Which data flow anomaly can be found in this program?
The pseudo-code provided for the 'Win' program reads in variables A, B, C, and D. However, only variables A, B, and C are used in the conditional statements to determine if the output will be 'Win' or 'Loose'. Variable 'D' is never used after it is read, which is a classic example of a 'defined but not used' data flow anomaly. This means that while there is an instruction to read a value into variable 'D', there is no subsequent use of this variable in the program's logic or output.
A new web site has been launched for a testing conference. There are a number of links to other related web sites for information purposes. Participants like the new site but complaints are being made that some (not all) of the links to other sites do not work.
Which type of test tool is most appropriate in helping to identify the causes of these failures?
When users complain about issues with links on a website, the most appropriate test tool to identify the causes of these failures is a hyperlink tool (answer B). Hyperlink tools are specifically designed to check the validity of links on web pages. They can automatically identify broken or dead links, which is essential for maintaining the quality and user experience of a website. Review tools, static analysis tools, and dynamic analysis tools do not primarily focus on hyperlink verification.
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding tools that support component testing and the build process?
Component testing tools, which are often specific to a programming language, are used to automate unit tests (answer C). These tools help to validate the functionality of individual components or units of code in isolation from the rest of the application. While build automation tools are indeed used by developers and are related to continuous integration (answers A and D), and they can facilitate testing at various levels (answer B), component testing tools' primary purpose is to support the testing of individual components, often through automated unit tests, which can be specific to the language in which the components are written.
How many test cases need to be designed to achieve 100% decision coverage in the following piece of pseudo-code which applies discount rates to hotel room bookings?
Read (Loyalty_level)
Read (Room_price)
IF (Room_price > 200)
IF (Loyalty_level = Platinum)
Discount_factor = 80%
ELSE
IF (Loyalty_level = Gold)
Discount_factor = 85%
ELSE
Discount_factor = 95%
ENDIF
ENDIF
ELSE
IF (Room_price > 150)
IF (Loyalty_level = Platinum)
Discount_factor = 85%
ELSE
Discount_factor = 95%
ENDIF
ELSE
Discount_factor = 100%
ENDIF
ENDIF
Room_price = Room_price * Discount_factor
IF (Discount_factor < 100%)
Show message "Congratulations - you have received a discount!"
ENDIF
To achieve 100% decision coverage, we need to ensure that every decision (if statement) in the code has been tested for both true and false outcomes. Let's analyze the code and count the decisions:
IF (Room_price > 200)
IF (Loyalty_level = Platinum) inside Room_price > 200
ELSE within the same decision above
IF (Loyalty_level = Gold) inside the ELSE of decision 2
IF (Room_price > 150)
IF (Loyalty_level = Platinum) inside Room_price > 150
ELSE within the same decision above
IF (Discount_factor < 100%)
To cover all these decisions, we need test cases for each possible combination:
Room_price > 200 and Loyalty_level = Platinum.
Room_price > 200 and Loyalty_level = Gold.
Room_price > 200 and Loyalty_level not Platinum or Gold.
Room_price <= 200 and Room_price > 150, and Loyalty_level = Platinum.
Room_price <= 200 and Room_price > 150, and Loyalty_level not Platinum.
Room_price <= 150.
From these scenarios, we can see that the minimum number of test cases required to achieve 100% decision coverage is four:
Test with Room_price > 200 and Loyalty_level = Platinum (tests decision 1 true, 2 true, and 8 true).
Test with Room_price > 200 and Loyalty_level = Gold (tests decision 1 true, 2 false, 4 true, and 8 true).
Test with Room_price > 200 and Loyalty_level not Platinum or Gold (tests decision 1 true, 2 false, 4 false, and 8 true).
Test with Room_price <= 200 and Room_price > 150, and Loyalty_level = Platinum (tests decision 1 false, 5 true, 6 true, and 8 true).
Test with Room_price <= 200 and Room_price > 150, and Loyalty_level not Platinum (tests decision 1 false, 5 true, 6 false, and 8 true).
Test with Room_price <= 150 (tests decision 1 false, 5 false, and 8 false).
Given that these six cases test all branches, four test cases are required to ensure that all decisions are covered at least once.
Therefore, the correct answer is A. 4.
Which of the following statements is true regarding API and GUI testing?
API testing tends to focus on individual inputs more than combinations of inputs. This is because APIs, as the intermediary layers of software, often handle specific types of data input and output rather than user interaction sequences. GUI testing, on the other hand, involves testing the interface with which the user interacts, which frequently includes testing various combinations of user inputs and sequences to simulate actual user scenarios. Thus, GUI testing typically requires checking the integration and behavior of elements in combination to ensure they work together as expected in a user environment .
