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The following incident report that was generated during test of a web application
What would you suggest as the most important report improvement?
Defect detected date: 15.8.2010
Defect detected by. Joe Smith
Test level System test
Test case Area 5/TC 98
Build version: 2011-16.2
Defect description After having filled out all required fields in screen 1,1 click ENTER to continue to screen 2. Nothing happens, no system response at all.
The most important report improvement is A. Add an impact analysis. An impact analysis is an assessment of how the defect affects the functionality, usability, performance, reliability, security, or other aspects of the system under test. An impact analysis can help prioritize and classify the defect based on its severity and urgency. An impact analysis can also help determine the root cause and possible solutions for the defect. An impact analysis is an essential part of a defect report because it provides useful information for decision-making and improvement processes.
The other report improvements are not as important as adding an impact analysis because they do not provide as much information or value for decision-making and improvement processes. For example:
B: Add information about which developer should fix the bug: This report improvement is not necessary because it is not part of the information that is required to describe, reproduce, and prioritize the defect. The assignment of developers to fix bugs is part of the defect management process, which involves assigning, tracking, resolving, and verifying defects.
C: Add the time stamp when the incident happened: This report improvement is not very useful because it does not provide much information about the cause or effect of the defect. The time stamp when the incident happened is only relevant if it is related to some external factors or events that could influence the behavior or performance of the system under test.
D: Add information about which web browser was used: This report improvement is not very relevant because it does not affect the functionality or usability of the system under test. The web browser used is only relevant if it is related to some compatibility or interoperability issues that could cause defects or failures in the system under test.
You can find more information about defect reports and impact analysis in [A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus], Chapter 5.
Which of the following statements is true?
Branch Coverage (also known as Decision Coverage) measures which possible branches in flow control structures are followed. Branch Coverage is a testing method, which aims to ensure that each one of the possible branch from each decision point is executed at least once and thereby ensuring that all reachable code is executed.
Statement Coverage measures the number of statements in the source code that are executed during the test. Statement Coverage is a metric, which is used to calculate and measure the number of statements in the source code which have been executed during testing.
B, C, and D are false statements. 100% statement coverage does not mean 100% branch coverage (B), as there may be some branches that are not covered by the test cases. 100% branch coverage does not mean 100% statement coverage and vice-versa , as branch coverage implies statement coverage but not the other way around. It is possible to achieve 100% statement coverage (D), but it may not be feasible or cost-effective for some systems.
An iPhone application identifies and counts all purchases of a particular product from a shopping website. The application incorrectly counts purchase attempts by including both failed attempts, and also those where the purchase was terminated by the user before completion. Testing has identified that the problem was located in the 'purchase identification' module, where the first stage in the purchasing process was counted, rather than a successful confirmed purchase.
Which of the following statements correctly identifies what has happened? [K2]
The application failed because of a defect in the purchase identification module caused by a programmer mistake or an error in the specification. A defect is a flaw or imperfection in a software product that causes it to fail to meet its requirements or expectations. A failure is an event or behavior of a software product that deviates from its requirements or expectations. An error is a human action or decision that produces a defect. A mistake is an incorrect action or decision that leads to an error. In this case, the application failed because it incorrectly counted purchase attempts, which was a defect in the purchase identification module. The defect was caused by either a programmer mistake (such as writing wrong code) or an error in the specification (such as defining wrong requirements). A detailed explanation of defects, failures, errors, and mistakes can be found in [A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus], pages 5-6.
Which of the following are part of ISTQB code of ethics?
I, Certified software testers shall advance the integrity and reputation of the profession consistent with the public interest
II, Certified software tester shall always sign a NDA (Non Disclosure Agreement) in presence of customer data
II,I, Certified software testers shall maintain integrity and independence in their professional judgment
IV Certified software testers shall act in a manner that is in the best interests of their client and employer, consistent with the public interest
I, II,I, and IV are part of the ISTQB code of ethics, which can be found in2:
The Code consists of nine principles related to the behavior of and decisions made by professional software testers, including practitioners, trainers, supervisors, managers, authors, standards makers and employers.
The Code provides an ethical foundation to which individuals within teams and the team as a whole can appeal. The Code helps to define those actions that are ethically improper to request of a software tester or for a software tester to perform.
A distinguishing mark of a profession is acceptance of its responsibility to the public. The Code prescribes these as obligations of anyone claiming to be or aspiring to be a software tester.
Certified software testers shall commit themselves to making the analysis, specification, design, development, testing and maintenance of software a beneficial and respected profession. In accordance with their commitment to the health, safety and welfare of the public, software testers shall adhere to the following Eight Principles:
PUBLIC - Certified software testers shall act consistently with the public interest.
CLIENT AND EMPLOYER - Certified software testers shall act in a manner that is in the best interests of their client and employer consistent with the public interest.
PRODUCT - Certified software testers shall ensure that the deliverables they provide (on the products and systems they test) meet the highest professional standards possible.
JUDGMENT - Certified software testers shall maintain integrity and independence in their professional judgment.
MANAGEMENT - Certified software testing managers and leaders shall subscribe to and promote an ethical approach to the management of software testing.
PROFESSION - Certified software testers shall advance the integrity and reputation of the profession consistent with the public interest.
COLLEAGUES - Certified software testers shall be fair to and supportive of their colleagues.
SELF - Certified software testers shall participate in lifelong learning regarding the practice of their profession and shall promote an ethical approach to the practice of the profession.
II, is not part of the code of ethics, as it is not always required or appropriate for certified software testers to sign a NDA (Non Disclosure Agreement) in presence of customer data.
One of the exit criteria for a SW project was defined as "80% statement coverage".
A test manager submitted the following report:
"We did not measure the statement coverage. However, we ensured 80% branch coverage, therefore the exit criteria was met".
Is the test manager right?
The test manager is not right because there is no direct relationship between branch coverage and statement coverage. Branch coverage measures how many branches in the control flow have been executed by a set of test cases, while statement coverage measures how many statements in the code have been executed by a set of test cases. It is possible to achieve high branch coverage without achieving high statement coverage, if some statements are not part of any branch condition or are not reachable by any test case.
