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A PIN entry component of an ATM system has been developed using the following state table:
Using the state transition test technique, how many 0-switch test cases are needed to achieve 100% 0-switch coverage?
A 0-switch test case is a test case that covers one transition from one state to another. To achieve 100% 0-switch coverage, all the transitions in the state table must be tested. There are eight transitions in the state table, as shown by the arrows. Therefore, eight 0-switch test cases are needed.Reference=
ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus Technical Test Analyst1, page 2
How to Design Test Cases Using State Transition Testing Technique?2, section ''0-switch coverage''
0 and 1 - Switch Coverage in State Transition Testing?3, answer by Marco Filippone
You have been given a test charter to conduct exploratory testing for accepting credit and debit cards for an e-commerce system. You started with the credit cards and you have found that, valid or
invalid, they are never accepted. You have logged this as a defect. What should you do now?
The correct answer is D) Automate the testing for the credit card exploratory tests so they can be used for confirmation testing after the defect is fixed.
A) Enter your exploratory test cases with detailed test steps into the Test Management System
This is incorrect because entering the test cases into the Test Management System is not enough to document and track the exploratory testing process. The test cases should also include the expected results, actual results, and defects found during the testing. Moreover, the test cases should be organized into a clear and logical structure that reflects the test charter and scope.
B) Close the session and start a new session with a new charter
This is incorrect because closing and starting a new session with a new charter would mean losing all the information and data collected during the previous session. This would make it difficult to resume and continue the testing process from where it left off. Instead, it would be better to use a consistent and stable session with a single charter that covers all the requirements and features of the system.
C) Continue the session and conduct the testing for debit cards
This is incorrect because continuing the session and conducting only one type of card (debit) would not provide a comprehensive coverage of all possible scenarios and outcomes of accepting credit cards. It would also limit the scope of testing to only one aspect of payment processing, which may not reflect all the business rules, validations, exceptions, or integrations involved in this domain.
D) Automate the testing for the credit card exploratory tests so they can be used for confirmation testing after the defect is fixed
In the initial release of an insurance risk assignment application, a variety of test techniques were employed, especially equivalence partitioning.
After a thorough root cause analysis of this release, it was determined that the developers tended to incorrectly use ">" and "<" rather than the ">=" and " <= " in the code at several decision points.
This caused several borderline cases to be handled incorrectly.
Based on this analysis, how would you modify your test strategy for the next version's release?
Boundary value analysis is a technique that focuses on testing the values at the boundaries of valid and invalid partitions. It is suitable for testing the errors caused by incorrect use of relational operators in the code, such as ''>'' and ''<'' instead of ''>='' and ''<=''. By creating test cases using boundary value analysis, the tester can verify that the system handles the borderline cases correctly and does not miss any edge cases.
Reference=
ISTQB Advanced Level Test Analyst Syllabus 2019, Section 3.2.2.2, page 411
Software Testing - Boundary Value Analysis - GeeksforGeeks2
State Transition Testing -- Diagram & Technique (Example) - Guru993
You are testing an ATM based on the following use
ATM start screen is showing
1. The user inserts card
2. The user types in PIN
3 The user selects cash with receipt'
4. The user selects 50
5. The user selects no further service' Expected results
- The ATM provides 50 to the user
- The ATM returns the card and balance slip
- The ATM clears the screen
- The ATM returns to start menu
You are asked to review this use case.
You are asked to review this use case.
What is the most important information that is missing from this use case?
