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What can be used to determine the type of data in storage without exposing its contents?
Metadata can be used to determine the type of data in storage without exposing its contents. Metadata is data about data, providing information such as file type, creation date, author, and other attributes that describe the data without revealing the actual content. This allows organizations to categorize and manage data effectively without compromising data privacy.
IAPP CIPT Study Guide: Understanding the role of metadata in data management.
GDPR, Recital 39: Emphasizes the importance of metadata in ensuring data accuracy and integrity without exposing the content.
A clinical research organization is processing highly sensitive personal data, including numerical attributes, from medical trial results. The organization needs to manipulate the data without revealing the contents to data users. This can be achieved by utilizing?
Homomorphic encryption allows computation on encrypted data without needing to decrypt it, thereby preserving privacy. This means that sensitive data, such as numerical attributes from medical trial results, can be processed and analyzed while remaining encrypted. The results of the computations are still in an encrypted form and can be decrypted only by authorized parties. This method is particularly valuable in scenarios requiring privacy-preserving computations.
NISTIR 8105, Report on Post-Quantum Cryptography.
Craig Gentry's Ph.D. thesis on fully homomorphic encryption, Stanford University.
An organization is launching a smart watch which, in addition to alerts, will notify the the wearer of incoming calls allowing them to answer on the device. This convenience also comes with privacy concerns and is an example of?
The smart watch that notifies the wearer of incoming calls and allows them to answer on the device is an example of ubiquitous computing. Ubiquitous computing refers to the integration of computing processes into everyday objects and activities, creating an environment where technology is seamlessly embedded and always accessible. While this increases convenience, it also raises privacy concerns as it often involves continuous data collection and processing. (Reference: IAPP CIPT Study Guide, Chapter on Emerging Technologies and Privacy)
Which of the following would be the most appropriate solution for preventing privacy violations related to information exposure through an error message?
The most appropriate solution to prevent privacy violations due to information exposure through error messages is to create default error pages or messages that do not include variable data. This practice ensures that sensitive information is not inadvertently displayed to users in the event of an error. Displaying detailed error messages can expose system information or user data, potentially leading to security and privacy risks. According to IAPP guidelines, handling errors in a way that minimizes the exposure of sensitive data is critical for maintaining privacy and security. By using generic error messages, the risk of information leakage is significantly reduced.
SCENARIO
Carol was a U.S.-based glassmaker who sold her work at art festivals. She kept things simple by only accepting cash and personal checks.
As business grew, Carol couldn't keep up with demand, and traveling to festivals became burdensome. Carol opened a small boutique and hired Sam to run it while she worked in the studio. Sam was a natural salesperson, and business doubled. Carol told Sam, ''I don't know what you are doing, but keep doing it!"
But months later, the gift shop was in chaos. Carol realized that Sam needed help so she hired Jane, who had business expertise and could handle the back-office tasks. Sam would continue to focus on sales. Carol gave Jane a few weeks to get acquainted with the artisan craft business, and then scheduled a meeting for the three of them to discuss Jane's first impressions.
At the meeting, Carol could not wait to hear Jane's thoughts, but she was unprepared for what Jane had to say. ''Carol, I know that he doesn't realize it, but some of Sam's efforts to increase sales have put you in a vulnerable position. You are not protecting customers' personal information like you should.''
Sam said, ''I am protecting our information. I keep it in the safe with our bank deposit. It's only a list of customers' names, addresses and phone numbers that I get from their checks before I deposit them. I contact them when you finish a piece that I think they would like. That's the only information I have! The only other thing I do is post photos and information about your work on the photo sharing site that I use with family and friends. I provide my email address and people send me their information if they want to see more of your work. Posting online really helps sales, Carol. In fact, the only complaint I hear is about having to come into the shop to make a purchase.''
Carol replied, ''Jane, that doesn't sound so bad. Could you just fix things and help us to post even more online?"
'I can," said Jane. ''But it's not quite that simple. I need to set up a new program to make sure that we follow the best practices in data management. And I am concerned for our customers. They should be able to manage how we use their personal information. We also should develop a social media strategy.''
Sam and Jane worked hard during the following year. One of the decisions they made was to contract with an outside vendor to manage online sales. At the end of the year, Carol shared some exciting news. ''Sam and Jane, you have done such a great job that one of the biggest names in the glass business wants to buy us out! And Jane, they want to talk to you about merging all of our customer and vendor information with theirs beforehand."
Which regulator has jurisdiction over the shop's data management practices?
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is responsible for protecting consumers in the U.S. by preventing fraudulent, deceptive, and unfair business practices. It has jurisdiction over commercial data privacy and security practices, including those of Carol's shop. The FTC enforces data protection and privacy standards to ensure consumer information is handled appropriately.
IAPP CIPT Study Guide: Regulatory Environment.
IAPP Certified Information Privacy Technologist (CIPT) Handbook: Section on U.S. Privacy Laws and Regulations.
