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Jarrad is an AWS engineer and has provisioned a new EC2 instance running MySQL since his application requires a specific MySQL version. He wants to integrate Vault into his workflow but is new to Vault. What secrets engine should Jarrad use to integrate this new database running in AWS?
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
For integrating a MySQL database on an EC2 instance with Vault, the database secrets engine is the appropriate choice:
B . database: 'The 'database' secrets engine in Vault is specifically designed for integrating with databases like MySQL.' It generates dynamic credentials, manages rotations, and supports MySQL plugins, ideal for Jarrad's use case. 'To manage the database resource, the database secrets engine should be used, specifically with the MySQL plugin.'
Incorrect Options:
A . azure: For Azure-specific credential management, not databases. 'Used for generating Azure service principal credentials.'
C . kv: Stores static secrets, not dynamic database credentials. 'Used for storing arbitrary secrets in a key-value pair format.'
D . aws: Manages AWS credentials, not database integration. 'Used for generating AWS access keys.'
The database engine's MySQL support is agnostic to the hosting platform (EC2 vs. RDS), focusing on the database itself.
When using Integrated Storage, which of the following should you do to recover from possible data loss?
Integrated Storage is a Raft-based storage backend that allows Vault to store its data internally without relying on an external storage system. It also enables Vault to run in high availability mode with automatic leader election and failover. However, Integrated Storage is not immune to data loss or corruption due to hardware failures, network partitions, or human errors. Therefore, it is recommended to use the snapshot feature to backup and restore the Vault data periodically or on demand. A snapshot is a point-in-time capture of the entire Vault data, including the encrypted secrets, the configuration, and the metadata. Snapshots can be taken and restored using the vault operator raft snapshot command or the sys/storage/raft/snapshot API endpoint. Snapshots are encrypted and can only be restored with a quorum of unseal keys or recovery keys. Snapshots are also portable and can be used to migrate data between different Vault clusters or storage backends. Reference: https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/concepts/integrated-storage1, https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/commands/operator/raft/snapshot2, https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/api-docs/system/storage/raft/snapshot3
You have ciphertext stored in an Amazon S3 bucket encrypted by the key named prod-customer. Will Vault decrypt this data with the command vault write transit/decrypt/prod-customer ciphertext="vault:v4:Xa1f9FIJtn13em/Wb7QCsXsU/kCOn7..." given this output?
$ vault read transit/keys/prod-customer
Key Value
--- -----
...
keys map[4:1549347108 5:1549347109 6:1549347110]
latest_version 6
min_available_version 0
min_decryption_version 4
min_encryption_version 0
Will Vault decrypt this data for you by running the following command?
$ vault write transit/decrypt/prod-customer ciphertext="vault:v4:Xa1f9FIJtn13em/Wb7QCsXsU/kCOn7..."
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
Vault can decrypt if the key version is available:
A . Yes: 'The minimum decryption version set to 4 indicates that Vault will be able to decrypt data encrypted with version 4 of the key.'
Incorrect Option:
B . No: 'The latest version being 6 does not impact Vault's ability to decrypt earlier versions.'
True or False? Once you authenticate to Vault using the API, subsequent requests will automatically be permitted without further interaction.
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
API auth requires ongoing token use:
B . False: 'Once you authenticate using the API, subsequent requests are not automatically permitted without further interaction. Each request to Vault requires authentication using the token returned by Vault.'
Incorrect Option:
A . True: Incorrect; token must be provided.
Which is not a capability that can be used when writing a Vault policy?
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth
When writing a Vault policy, the valid capabilities are predefined, and modify is not among them. The HashiCorp Vault documentation states: 'When writing a policy in Vault, permissions which can be applied to paths include create, read, update, delete, list, deny, and sudo.' These capabilities dictate what actions a token can perform on a path.
The docs elaborate: 'Capabilities are specific permissions assigned to paths in a policy. For example, create allows creating new resources, update modifies existing ones, delete removes them, list retrieves listings, and read accesses data.' Modify is not a recognized capability; it's likely a misnomer for update. Thus, B is the correct answer.
HashiCorp Vault Documentation - Policies: Capabilities
