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You have enabled the Transit secrets engine on your Vault cluster to provide an "encryption as a service" service as your team develops new applications. What is a prime use case for the Transit secrets engine?
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
The Transit secrets engine provides encryption as a service. The Vault documentation states:
'The Transit secrets engine is used to encrypt data in transit. It does NOT store the data locally. It simply encrypts the data and returns the ciphertext to the requester. A prime use case is encrypting data before being written to an external storage service like Amazon S3.' --- Vault Secrets: Transit
'The Transit secrets engine is used to encrypt data in transit. It does NOT store the data locally. It simply encrypts the data and returns the ciphertext to the requester. A prime use case is encrypting data before being written to an external storage service like Amazon S3.' --- Vault Secrets: Transit
A: Correct. Encrypting data for S3 is a key use case:
'Encrypting data before being written to an Amazon S3 bucket ensures that sensitive data is protected both in transit and at rest.' --- Transit Tutorial
'Encrypting data before being written to an Amazon S3 bucket ensures that sensitive data is protected both in transit and at rest.' --- Transit Tutorial
B: Incorrect; Transit doesn't store data long-term.
C: SSH credentials are handled by the SSH engine.
D: X.509 certificates are managed by the PKI engine.
The Vault Agent provides which of the following benefits? (Select three)
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth
The Vault Agent is a client daemon designed to simplify integration with Vault by providing several key benefits. According to the HashiCorp Vault documentation, these include:
Token Renewal: 'Vault Agent automatically renews tokens issued by Vault,' ensuring continuous access without manual intervention.
Authentication to Vault: 'Vault Agent provides authentication to Vault,' allowing applications to authenticate using their identity without managing tokens directly.
Client-side caching of responses: 'Vault Agent offers client-side caching of responses,' improving performance by reducing server requests.
However, automatically creating secrets in the desired storage backend is not a function of Vault Agent. Secret creation is handled by Vault's secrets engines, not the agent, which focuses on authentication, token management, and caching. Thus, A, B, and C are the correct benefits.
HashiCorp Vault Documentation - Vault Agent
You are using Vault to generate dynamic credentials for a Microsoft SQL server to perform queries for a month-end report. The report seems to be taking much longer than expected due to degradation on the underlying server, and you are afraid that Vault might automatically revoke the credentials. How can you extend the time the credentials are valid to ensure your month-end query is successful?
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
Dynamic credentials have a lease with a TTL, after which Vault revokes them. To extend their validity, you renew the lease. The Vault documentation states:
'If a lease has been created in Vault, it has an associated TTL in which it will expire and be revoked. If the lease needs to be extended for some reason, you can use the command vault lease renew <lease_id> to extend the TTL of the lease so it will not expire at its original TTL and will be extended by the time specified in seconds from the current time the lease renewal was issued.'
--- Vault Commands: lease renew
A: Correct. Renewing the lease (e.g., vault lease renew <lease_id>) extends the TTL:
'Renewing the lease of the dynamic credentials in Vault allows you to extend the validity period without having to generate new credentials.'
--- Vault Commands: lease renew
B: Generating a new lease creates new credentials, disrupting the query.
C: Creating a new role doesn't extend existing credentials' TTL.
D: Revoking the lease terminates the credentials, halting the query.
Vault Commands: lease renew
Vault Concepts: Leases
What is the result of the following Vault command?
$ vault auth enable kubernetes
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth
The command vault auth enable kubernetes enables the Kubernetes authentication method in Vault. The HashiCorp Vault documentation states: 'In order to enable auth methods, the command should be vault auth <enable/disable> followed by the name of the auth method.' Specifically, for Kubernetes, it explains: 'The vault auth enable kubernetes command mounts the Kubernetes auth method to the default path of kubernetes/.' This allows Vault to authenticate Kubernetes workloads using their service account tokens at the path auth/kubernetes/.
The documentation elaborates: 'Once enabled, the Kubernetes auth method allows clients running in Kubernetes to authenticate with Vault using a Kubernetes Service Account Token. The default mount path is kubernetes/, though additional parameters can specify a different path.' Option A is incorrect---Vault doesn't access usernames/passwords in Kubernetes; it uses tokens. Option C is wrong---it doesn't import secrets, only enables authentication. Option D is false---Vault doesn't become an Identity Provider (IdP); it authenticates against Kubernetes. Thus, B is correct.
HashiCorp Vault Documentation - Secrets Enable Command
HashiCorp Vault Documentation - Kubernetes Auth Method
Which of the following best describes the function of the Vault Secrets Operator in a Kubernetes environment?
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth
The Vault Secrets Operator (VSO) enhances secrets management in Kubernetes. The HashiCorp Vault documentation states: 'The Vault Secrets Operator operates by watching for changes to its supported set of Custom Resource Definitions (CRD). Each CRD provides the specification required to allow the operator to synchronize from one of the supported sources for secrets to a Kubernetes Secret. The operator writes the source secret data directly to the destination Kubernetes Secret, ensuring that any changes made to the source are replicated to the destination over its lifetime.'
It further explains: 'In this way, an application only needs to have access to the destination secret in order to make use of the secret data contained within.' This aligns with C: 'It continuously reconciles and synchronizes secrets from Vault to Kubernetes, ensuring secrets are always updated.' Option A is false---it augments, not replaces, the Kubernetes Secrets API and isn't a CA. Option B is incorrect---it's not a Vault server but an operator. Option D is wrong---it syncs secrets, not provisions clusters. Thus, C is correct.
HashiCorp Vault Documentation - Vault Secrets Operator
