ISO uses the concept of uncertainty as the driver and rationale for risk management. Uncertainty refers to the state of having incomplete knowledge or understanding about something that can affect an organization's objectives.

When an operational area develops a treatment for a critical risk, the risk management professional must evaluate the impact upon other areas3. This helps to ensure that the treatment does not create new risks or adversely affect other objectives.

Risk management is a process with inputs, activities, and outcomes1. The inputs are the organization's context and risk criteria. The activities are risk identification, analysis, evaluation, and treatment. The outcomes are improved decision making, performance, and resilience.

Scoping framework boundaries is a major challenge in implementing the ISO 31000:2018 risk management framework. Scoping framework boundaries involves defining the scope of application of risk management within the organization's context,

structure, and objectives.

Human element is often the biggest challenge in risk implementation. Human element involves overcoming resistance to change, engaging stakeholders, building trust and commitment, and fostering a positive risk culture.