Graceful-restart is a feature that allows BGP neighbors to maintain their routing information during a BGP restart or failover event, without disrupting traffic forwarding or causing route flaps. Graceful-restart works by allowing a BGP speaker (the restarting router) to notify its neighbors (the helper routers) that it is about to restart or failover, and request them to preserve their routing information and forwarding state for a certain period of time (the restart time). The helper routers then mark the routes learned from the restarting router as stale, but keep them in their routing table and continue forwarding traffic based on them until they receive an end-of-RIB marker from the restarting router or until the restart time expires. This way, graceful-restart can minimize traffic disruption and routing instability during a BGP restart or failover event. References: https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.0.0/cookbook/19662/bgp-graceful-restart

The output in Exhibit A shows that the VPN tunnel is not established because the peer IP address is incorrect. The output in Exhibit B shows that the peer IP address is 192.168.1.100, but the baseline VPN configuration in Exhibit C shows that the peer IP address should be 192.168.1.101.

To restore VPN connectivity, you need to change the peer IP address in the VPN tunnel configuration to 192.168.1.101. The correct configuration is shown below:

config vpn ipsec phase1-interface

edit 'wan'

set peer-ip 192.168.1.101

set peer-id 192.168.1.101

set dhgrp 1

set auth-mode psk

set psk SECRET_PSK

next

end

Option A is incorrect because it does not change the peer IP address. Option B is incorrect because it changes the peer IP address to 192.168.1.100, which is the incorrect IP address. Option D is incorrect because it does not include the necessary configuration for the VPN tunnel.

Ais correct because the scan order must be changed to antispam-sandbox-content in order for FortiMail to scan the email for spam and viruses before forwarding it to the third-party service.

Bis correct because the Catch-All profile must be applied to the CFInbound profile in order for FortiMail to forward clean emails to the third-party service.

Eis correct because an IP policy must be created with a Source value of 100.64.0.72/32 in order to allow emails from the third-party service to be delivered to FortiMail.

The other options are not necessary to meet the requirements. Option C is not necessary because the access receive rule will already allow emails from the third-party service to be received by FortiMail. Option D is not necessary because the Catch-All profile already allows emails to be delivered to any destination.

Here are some additional details about integrating a third-party service into the FortiMail email processing path:

The third-party service must be able to receive emails from FortiMail and send them back to FortiMail.

The third-party service must be able to communicate with FortiMail using the SMTP protocol.

The third-party service must be able to authenticate with FortiMail using the SMTP AUTH protocol.

Once the third-party service is integrated into the FortiMail email processing path, all inbound emails will be processed by FortiMail as usual. If the email is clean, FortiMail will forward it to the third-party service. The third-party service will then send the email back to FortiMail for final delivery. FortiMail will not scan the email again.

To implement security for the traffic between two VPCs in AWS, while keeping separate management of each department's VPC, two possible actions are:

Create a transit VPC with a FortiGate HA cluster, connect to the other two using VPC peering, and use routing tables to force traffic through the FortiGate cluster. This option allows the cybersecurity department to manage the transit VPC and apply security policies on the FortiGate cluster, while the other departments can manage their own VPCs and instances. The VPC peering connections enable direct communication between the VPCs without using public IPs or gateways. The routing tables can be configured to direct all inter-VPC traffic to the transit VPC.

Create a VPC with a FortiGate auto-scaling group with a Transit Gateway attached to the three VPCs to force routing through the FortiGate cluster. This option also allows the cybersecurity department to manage the security VPC and apply security policies on the FortiGate cluster, while the other departments can manage their own VPCs and instances. The Transit Gateway acts as a network hub that connects multiple VPCs and on-premises networks. The routing tables can be configured to direct all inter-VPC traffic to the security VPC. References: https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate-public-cloud/7.2.0/aws-administration-guide/506140/connecting-a-local-fortigate-to-an-aws-vpc-vpn https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate-public-cloud/7.0.0/sd-wan-architecture-for-enterprise/166334/sd-wan-configuration

The diagnose command shown in the output is used to display information about NP6 packet descriptor queues. The output shows that there are 16 NP6 units in total, and each unit has four XAUI ports (XA0-XA3). The output also shows that there are some non-zero values in the columns PDQ ACCU (packet descriptor queue accumulated counter) and PDQ DROP (packet descriptor queue drop counter). These values indicate that there are some packet descriptor queues that have reached their maximum capacity and have dropped some packets at the XAUI ports. This could be caused by congestion or misconfiguration of the XAUI ports or the ISF (Internal Switch Fabric). References: https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.0.0/cli-reference/19662/diagnose-np6-pdq

The output is showing a packet descriptor queue accumulated counter, which is a measure of the number of packets that have been dropped by the NP6 due to congestion. The counter will increase if there are more packets than the NP6 can handle, which can happen if the bandwidth between the ISF and the NP is not sufficient or if the HPE shaper is enabled.

The output also shows that there are packet drops at the XAUI, which is the interface between the NP6 and the FortiGate's backplane. This means that the NP6 is not able to keep up with the traffic and is dropping packets.

The other statements are not true. Host-shortcut mode is not enabled, and enabling bandwidth control between the ISF and the NP will not change the output. HPE shaper is a feature that can be enabled to improve performance, but it will not change the output of the diagnose command.