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Which statement about IKE and IKE NAT-T is true?
IKE (Internet Key Exchange): IKE is a protocol used to set up a security association (SA) in the IPsec protocol suite. It is utilized to negotiate, create, and manage SAs.
NAT-T (Network Address Translation-Traversal): NAT-T is used to enable IPsec VPN traffic to pass through NAT devices. It encapsulates IPsec ESP packets into UDP packets.
Transport Protocol: Both IKE and IKE NAT-T use UDP as their transport protocol.
Port Numbers: By default, IKE uses UDP port 500. NAT-T typically uses UDP port 4500. However, these port numbers can be configured as needed.
Fortinet Network Security Support Engineer Study Guide for FortiOS 7.2 (Fortinet Docs) (ebin.pub).
Fortinet Documentation on IPsec VPN Configuration (Fortinet Docs).
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a truncated output of a real-time LDAP debug.
What two conclusions can you draw from the output? (Choose two.)
LDAP Authentication Process:
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) authentication involves several steps: Bind Request, Search Request, and Bind Response.
The Bind Request is used to authenticate the client to the LDAP server.
The Search Request is used to find the directory entry that matches the provided criteria.
Analyzing the Exhibit:
The exhibit shows a real-time LDAP debug output.
The debug log includes a successful resolution of the LDAP FQDN, indicating that the LDAP server was reached.
The debug log also shows the start of a search using the distinguished name (DN) base and a filter to locate the user jsmith.
Conclusion:
Since FortiOS successfully resolved the LDAP server and initiated a search for the user jsmith, it indicates that the LDAP server was located, and the search request was performed.
Fortinet Community: Understanding LDAP authentication steps and troubleshooting (Fortinet Docs).
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of get router info bgp neighbors 100.64.2.254.
What can you conclude from the output?
BGP Advertisement: The output from the command get router info bgp neighbors 100.64.2.254 advertised-routes shows the routes that the local router is advertising to its BGP neighbor.
Output Analysis:
The Network column lists the networks being advertised.
The Next Hop column indicates the next-hop IP address for these routes.
The line *> 10.20.30.40/24 100.64.2.1 indicates that the 10.20.30.40/24 network is being advertised with a next-hop of 100.64.2.1.
Local Router's Role: Since the output lists the advertised routes, it means that the local router (with router ID 172.16.1.254) is advertising the 10.20.30.40/24 network to its neighbor 100.64.2.254.
This confirms that the local router is indeed advertising the specified network to its BGP neighbor.
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which contains the partial output of the get vpn ipsec tunnel details command. Based on the output, which two statements are correct? (Choose two.)
Anti-replay Enabled:
The exhibit shows replay: enabled, which confirms that anti-replay is enabled for this IPsec tunnel. Anti-replay is a security feature that prevents replay attacks by ensuring that packets are not duplicated or reused.
NPU Acceleration:
The NPU acceleration: encryption (outbound) decryption (inbound) line indicates that Network Processing Unit (NPU) acceleration is used.
The npu_flag for this tunnel is 02. This indicates that encryption and decryption are handled by the NPU, improving the performance of the VPN tunnel.
Fortinet Documentation: Verifying IPsec VPN Tunnels (Fortinet Docs) (Fortinet Docs).
Refer to the exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the modified output of the routing kernel.
Which statement is true?
The routing table shown in the exhibit lists all the routes known to the FortiGate device. It includes routes learned through different protocols such as BGP, OSPF, and static routes.
The entry S * 0.0.0.0/0 [20/0] via 10.200.2.254, port2, [5/0] indicates that there is a static route to the default gateway (0.0.0.0/0) through port2 with a gateway IP of 10.200.2.254.
The asterisk * next to the route signifies that this route is selected and currently active in the forwarding information base (FIB). This means the FortiGate uses this route to forward packets destined for addresses not otherwise specified in the routing table.
Fortinet Documentation on Routing Table
Fortinet Community Discussion on Routing
