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Which statement about the use of the switch port analyzer (SPAN) packet capture method is true?
The correct statement about using the Switch Port Analyzer (SPAN) packet capture method on FortiSwitch is that 'Mirrored traffic can be sent across multiple switches (A).' This feature allows for extensive traffic analysis as it enables network administrators to configure SPAN sessions that span across different switches, thereby providing the capability to monitor traffic across a broad segment of the network infrastructure.
Refer to the exhibit.
Which two statements best describe what is displayed in the FortiLink debug output shown in the exhibit? (Choose two.)
The provided debug output indicates that the FortiSwitch is sending FortiLink heartbeats to the FortiGate and is currently waiting to join the stack group. Here's a breakdown of the relevant lines:
Line 1: Shows the date, time, elapsed time since boot, and process ID for the FortiLink event handler.
573s:160ms: 74us translates to roughly 573 seconds, 160 milliseconds, and 74 microseconds since uptime.
Event 101: This indicates the FortiSwitch is in a 'wait join' state (FL_STATE_WAIT_JOIN). This means it's discovered by the FortiGate and is awaiting further instructions to join the FortiLink stack group.
switchname S424DPTF20000029: This displays the serial number of the FortiSwitch.
flags 0x401: The specific flag meaning might depend on the FortiSwitch model and version, but it likely indicates general communication between the switch and FortiGate.
Lines 2 and onward: These lines show subsequent events with similar timestamps, suggesting a regular heartbeat interval. There are also instances of the FortiSwitch sending packets to the FortiGate (indicated by pkt-sent).
Why the Other Options Are Less Likely:
C . FortiSwitch is discovered and authorized by FortiGate. While discovery might have happened before these lines, the 'wait join' state suggests authorization hasn't necessarily completed yet.
D . FortiSwitch is ready to push its new hostname to FortiGate. There's no explicit indication of hostname changes in this excerpt. The focus is on joining the stack group.
In Summary:
The key point is the 'FL_STATE_WAIT_JOIN' state, which signifies the FortiSwitch is ready to be fully integrated but is waiting for further commands from the FortiGate to complete the process.
Which QoS mechanism maps packets with specific CoS or DSCP markings to an egress queue?
'Classification: FortiSwitch maps packets with a given CoS or DSCP marking to an egress queue. There are eight egress queues on each port: queues 0 to 7.'
In Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms, the process of mapping packets with specific CoS (Class of Service) or DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point) markings to an egress queue involves two key steps: classification and queuing .
Classification : This occurs on the ingress side (incoming traffic). The switch examines the packet headers (e.g., CoS or DSCP values) to determine how the traffic should be treated. Based on this classification, the switch assigns the packet to a specific priority level or queue.
Queuing : Once the packet is classified, it is mapped to an egress queue based on its priority level. The egress queues are used to manage how traffic is transmitted out of the switch.
Option A (Queuing for egress traffic) refers to managing how packets leave the switch, but it does not involve the initial mapping of CoS/DSCP values to a queue.
Option C (Rate limiting for egress traffic) is about controlling the rate of outgoing traffic, which is unrelated to CoS/DSCP mapping.
Option D (Marking for ingress traffic) involves modifying the CoS or DSCP values of packets as they enter the switch, but it does not map them to an egress queue.
Thus, classification for ingress traffic is the mechanism that identifies and maps packets with specific CoS or DSCP markings to an appropriate egress queue.
How does FortiSwitch perform actions on ingress and egress traffic using the access control list (ACL)?
In FortiSwitch, Access Control Lists (ACLs) are used to enforce security rules on both ingress and egress traffic:
ACL Evaluation Order (D):
Operational Function: FortiSwitch processes ACL entries from top to bottom, similar to how firewall rules are processed. The first match in the ACL determines the action taken on the packet, whether to allow or deny it, making the order of rules critical.
Configuration Advice: Careful planning of the order of ACL rules is necessary to ensure that more specific rules precede more general ones to avoid unintentional access or blocks.
Which two statements about VLAN assignments on FortiSwitch ports are true? (Choose two.)
VLAN assignments on FortiSwitch ports must follow certain rules and guidelines to ensure network integrity and proper traffic segregation:
Only Assign One Native VLAN on a Port (C):
Native VLAN Configuration: Each switch port can have only one native VLAN. The native VLAN carries untagged traffic for that port. If the port receives untagged frames, they are assumed to belong to the native VLAN.
Importance of Singular Native VLAN: This is crucial for preventing VLAN hopping attacks and ensures clear and secure VLAN demarcation on each port.
Assign Untagged VLANs Using FortiGate CLI (D):
CLI Configuration: Untagged VLANs, often equivalent to the native VLAN, can be assigned through the FortiGate CLI when managing a FortiSwitch via FortiLink. This allows for central management and configuration of VLANs across connected switches.
Operational Efficiency: Using the CLI ensures that VLAN settings are applied uniformly, reducing the likelihood of misconfigurations that might occur when managing VLANs individually on each switch.
