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Which of the following are not a part of the temporal score in the CVSS? (Select all that apply.)
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) provides a way to capture the principal characteristics of a vulnerability and produce a numerical score reflecting its severity.
The temporal score in CVSS adjusts the base score of a vulnerability based on factors that change over time, such as the availability of exploits or the existence of patches.
The temporal score includes:
Remediation Level
Report Confidence
Attack Vector and User Interaction are part of the base score, not the temporal score, as they describe the fundamental characteristics of the vulnerability and do not typically change over time.
Reference
Common Vulnerability Scoring System v3.1: Specification Document.
'Understanding CVSS,' by FIRST (Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams).
What version of SMB did the WannaCry ransomware attack?
The WannaCry ransomware primarily exploited vulnerabilities in the SMB (Server Message Block) version 1 protocol to propagate across network systems. Microsoft had identified vulnerabilities in SMBv1, which were exploited by the EternalBlue exploit to spread the ransomware. This led to widespread infections, particularly in systems that had not applied the security updates released to patch the vulnerability. Reference:
Microsoft Security Bulletin MS17-010, 'Security Update for Microsoft Windows SMB Server'.
What type of protocol is represented by the number 6?
The protocol number 6 represents TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) in the Internet Protocol suite. TCP is a core protocol of the Internet Protocol suite and operates at the transport layer, providing reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of bytes between applications running on hosts communicating via an IP network. Reference:
RFC 793, 'Transmission Control Protocol,' which specifies the detailed operation of TCP.
Which of the ICS/SCADA generations is considered distributed?
The third generation of ICS/SCADA systems is considered distributed. This generation features systems that are networked and interconnected, typically using a variety of standard communication protocols. This distribution allows for broader connectivity and integration with other systems, enhancing operational flexibility and efficiency but also introducing more vectors for potential cyber threats. Reference:
Joseph Weiss, 'Protecting Industrial Control Systems from Electronic Threats'.
The third generation of ICS/SCADA systems is considered distributed. These systems emerged in the late 1990s and early 2000s and were designed to overcome the limitations of earlier generations by leveraging networked architectures.
Distributed Architecture: Third-generation systems distributed control functions across multiple interconnected devices and systems, providing greater scalability and flexibility.
Network Integration: These systems integrated more extensively with IT networks, allowing for remote monitoring and control.
Standard Protocols: Adoption of standard communication protocols (e.g., Ethernet, TCP/IP) facilitated interoperability and integration with other systems.
Enhanced Redundancy: Improved fault tolerance and redundancy were implemented to ensure system reliability.
Due to these features, the third generation is known as the distributed generation.
Reference
'SCADA Systems,' SCADAHacker, SCADA Generations.
Which of the ICS/SCADA generations is considered networked?
Industrial Control Systems (ICS) have evolved through several generations, each characterized by different technological capabilities and integration levels.
The third generation of ICS/SCADA systems is considered networked. This generation incorporates more advanced digital and networking technologies, allowing for broader connectivity and communication across different systems and components within industrial environments.
Third-generation SCADA systems are often characterized by their use of standard communication protocols and networked solutions, improving interoperability and control but also increasing the attack surface for potential cyber threats.
Reference
'Evolution of Industrial Control Systems and Cybersecurity Implications,' IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.
'Network Security for Industrial Control Systems,' by Department of Homeland Security.
