1.Google Cloud IAM Members: In Google Cloud IAM, members can be individuals or entities that interact with Google Cloud resources. These members are assigned roles that grant them permissions to perform specific actions1.

1.Identity Types: The identities used by IAM members to access Google Cloud resources are typically email addresses or domain names, depending on the type of member1.

1.Email Address as Identity: For a Google Account, Google group, and service account, the identity is generally an email address. This email address is used to uniquely identify the member within Google Cloud's IAM system1.

1.Domain Name as Identity: For G Suite and Cloud Identity domains, the identity is the domain name associated with the organization's account. This domain name represents the collective identity of the organization within Google Cloud1.

1.Access to Resources: IAM members use these identities to authenticate and gain access to Google Cloud resources as per the permissions defined by their assigned roles1.

Medium article on IAM Demystified1.

To encrypt the traffic between the load balancer and clients that initiate SSL or TLS sessions, SecAppSol Pvt. Ltd.'s security team would enable an HTTPS listener on their load balancer. This is a common method used in AWS to secure communication.

Here's how it works:

1.HTTPS Listener Configuration: The security team configures the load balancer with an HTTPS listener, which listens for incoming SSL or TLS connections on a specified port (usually port 443).

1.SSL/TLS Certificates: They deploy SSL/TLS certificates on the load balancer. These certificates are used to establish a secure connection and encrypt the traffic.

1.Secure Communication: When a client initiates a session, the HTTPS listener uses the SSL/TLS certificate to perform a handshake, establish a secure connection, and encrypt the data in transit.

1.Backend Encryption: Optionally, the load balancer can also be configured to encrypt traffic to the backend servers, ensuring end-to-end encryption.

1.Security Policies: The security team sets security policies on the load balancer to define the ciphers and protocols used for SSL/TLS, further enhancing security.

AWS documentation on configuring end-to-end encryption in a load-balanced environment, which includes setting up an HTTPS listener1.

AWS documentation on creating an HTTPS listener for your Application Load Balancer, detailing the process and requirements2.

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The role of a Cloud Service Manager is applicable to an organization like Coral IT Systems that consumes cloud services and is responsible for selecting, monitoring, implementing, reporting, and securing these services.

1.Role Responsibilities: A Cloud Service Manager oversees the cloud services portfolio, ensuring that the services meet the organization's requirements and are aligned with its business objectives.

1.Service Selection: They are involved in selecting the appropriate cloud services that fit the company's needs.

1.Monitoring and Implementation: They monitor the performance and security of the cloud services and are responsible for their successful implementation.

1.Reporting: The Cloud Service Manager is also responsible for reporting on the performance and compliance of the cloud services.

1.Security: Ensuring the security of cloud services is a critical part of their role, which includes managing access controls and data protection measures.

Reference: In the shared responsibility model of cloud computing, the Cloud Service Manager plays a pivotal role in managing the services provided by the CSP and ensuring that they are effectively integrated and utilized within the organization1. This role is essential for maintaining the governance, risk management, and compliance aspects of cloud services1.

1.Disaster Recovery as a Service (DRaaS): DRaaS is a third-party service that provides organizations with a secondary site infrastructure, which employs cloud computing for application and data recovery from synchronous or asynchronous replication1.

1.Fault Tolerance and Redundancy: A fault-tolerant disaster recovery site with fully redundant equipment ensures that all critical systems and components have backups ready to take over in case of failure1.

1.Real-Time Data Synchronization: This feature ensures that data is continuously mirrored to the disaster recovery site, allowing for real-time recovery and zero data loss during failover1.

1.Hot Site: A hot site is a fully operational offsite data center equipped with hardware and software, network connectivity, and real-time data synchronization. It is ready to assume operation at a moment's notice, which aligns with the description provided1.

1.Minimal Downtime: The use of a hot site allows for minimal downtime during a disaster, as the site is already running and can take over immediately without the need to set up or configure equipment1.

Flexential's explanation of Disaster Recovery as a Service (DRaaS)1.

Amazon AppStream 2.0 is a fully managed application streaming service that allows users to access desktop applications from anywhere, making it the service that enabled Sandra to access her office laptop applications remotely. Here's how it works:

1.Application Hosting: AppStream 2.0 hosts desktop applications on AWS and streams them to a web browser or a connected device.

1.Secure Access: Users can access these applications securely from any location, as the service provides a secure streaming session.

1.Resource Optimization: It eliminates the need for high-end user hardware since the processing is done on AWS servers.

1.Central Management: The organization can manage applications centrally, which simplifies software updates and security.

1.Integration: AppStream 2.0 integrates with existing identity providers and supports standard security protocols.

AWS documentation on Amazon AppStream 2.0, detailing how it enables remote access to applications1.

An AWS blog post explaining the benefits of using Amazon AppStream 2.0 for remote application access2.