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Below are the various steps involved in establishing a network connection using the shared key
authentication process.
1.The AP sends a challenge text to the station.
2.The station connects to the network.
3.The station encrypts the challenge text using its configured 128-bit key and sends the encrypted text to the AP.
4.The station sends an authentication frame to the AP.
5.The AP uses its configured WEP key to decrypt the encrypted text and compares it with the original challenge text.
What is the correct sequence of steps involved in establishing a network connection using the shared key authentication process?
The correct sequence of steps involved in establishing a network connection using the shared key authentication process is 4 -> 1 -> 3 -> 5 -> 2. This is based on the following description of the shared key authentication process from the Network Defense Essentials courseware:
The station sends an authentication frame to the AP, indicating that it wants to use shared key authentication.
The AP responds with an authentication frame containing a challenge text, which is a random string of bits.
The station encrypts the challenge text using its configured WEP key, which is derived from the shared secret key (password) that is also known by the AP. The station sends the encrypted text back to the AP in another authentication frame.
The AP decrypts the encrypted text using its configured WEP key and compares it with the original challenge text. If they match, the AP sends a positive authentication response to the station. If they do not match, the AP sends a negative authentication response to the station.
The station connects to the network if the authentication is successful.
Network Defense Essentials Courseware, EC-Council, 2020, pp. 3-18 to 3-19
Shared Key Authentication - Techopedia, Techopedia, June 15, 2017
John, from a remote location, was monitoring his bedridden grandfather's health condition at his home. John has placed a smart wearable ECG on his grandfather's wrist so that he can receive alerts to his mobile phone and can keep a track over his grandfather's health condition periodically.
Which of the following types of loT communication model was demonstrated in the above scenario?
A device-to-cloud model is a type of IoT communication model that connects the IoT devices directly to the cloud platform, where the data is stored, processed, and analyzed. The device-to-cloud model enables remote access, real-time monitoring, and scalability of IoT applications. The device-to-cloud model requires the IoT devices to have internet connectivity and cloud compatibility. In the above scenario, John used a device-to-cloud model to monitor his grandfather's health condition, as he placed a smart wearable ECG on his grandfather's wrist that sent the data to the cloud platform, where John could access it from his mobile phone and receive alerts periodically. Reference:
Communication Models in IoT (Internet of Things) - Section: Device-to-Cloud Model
IoT Communication Models - IoTbyHVM - Section: Device to Cloud Communication Model
Peter, a network defender, was instructed to protect the corporate network from unauthorized access. To achieve this, he employed a security solution for wireless communication that uses dragonfly key exchange for authentication, which is the strongest encryption algorithm that protects the network from dictionary and key recovery attacks.
Identify the wireless encryption technology implemented in the security solution selected by Peter in the above scenario.
WPA3 is the latest standard of Wi-Fi Protected Access, which was released in 2018 by the Wi-Fi Alliance. WPA3 uses a new handshake protocol called Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE), which is based on a zero-knowledge proof known as dragonfly. Dragonfly is a key exchange algorithm that uses discrete logarithm cryptography to derive a shared secret between two parties, without revealing any information about their passwords or keys. Dragonfly is resistant to offline dictionary attacks, where an attacker tries to guess the password by capturing the handshake and testing different combinations. Dragonfly is also resistant to key recovery attacks, where an attacker tries to recover the encryption key by exploiting weaknesses in the algorithm or implementation. Dragonfly provides forward secrecy, which means that even if an attacker manages to compromise the password or key in the future, they cannot decrypt the past communication. WPA3 also supports other features such as increased key sizes, opportunistic wireless encryption, and protected management frames, which enhance the security and privacy of wireless networks. Reference:
WPA3 Encryption and Configuration Guide
Dragon Fly - Zero Knowledge Proof
What is SAE (Simultaneous Authentication of Equals)?
Dragonfly - people.scs.carleton.ca
Kalley, a network administrator of an organization, has installed a traffic monitoring system to capture and report suspicious traffic signatures. In this process, she detects traffic containing password cracking, sniffing, and brute-forcing attempts.Which of the following categories of suspicious traffic signature were identified by Kalley through the installed monitoring system?
Unauthorized access signatures were identified by Kalley through the installed monitoring system. Unauthorized access signatures are designed to detect attempts to gain unauthorized access to a system or network by exploiting vulnerabilities, misconfigurations, or weak credentials. Password cracking, sniffing, and brute-forcing are common techniques used by attackers to obtain or guess the passwords of legitimate users or administrators and gain access to their accounts or privileges. These techniques generate suspicious traffic patterns that can be detected by traffic monitoring systems, such as Snort, using signature-based detection. Signature-based detection is based on the premise that abnormal or malicious network traffic fits a distinct pattern, whereas normal or benign traffic does not. Therefore, by installing a traffic monitoring system and capturing and reporting suspicious traffic signatures, Kalley can identify and prevent unauthorized access attempts and protect the security of her organization's network. Reference:
Network Defense Essentials Courseware, EC-Council, 2020, pp. 3-33 to 3-34
Detecting Suspicious Traffic via Signatures - Intrusion Detection with Snort, O'Reilly, 2003
Threat Signature Categories - Palo Alto Networks, Palo Alto Networks, 2020
Which of the following solutions is a software or a hardware device on a network or host that filters the incoming and outgoing traffic to prevent unauthorized access to private networks?
