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What feature of 802.1 lax (HE) is managed with beacon and trigger frames and is primarily a power management method, but also provides more efficient access to the channel used within a BSS?
TWT is the feature of 802.11ax (HE) that is managed with beacon and trigger frames and is primarily a power management method, but also provides more efficient access to the channel used within a BSS. TWT stands for target wake time, which is a mechanism that allows an access point and a client device to negotiate and schedule specific times for data transmission and reception. This enables the client device to enter a low-power sleep mode when it is not expected to communicate with the access point, which saves battery life and reduces power consumption. TWT also reduces contention and interference on the channel used within a BSS, as it coordinates the transmissions of multiple client devices and avoids collisions. TWT is managed with beacon and trigger frames, which are two types of management frames that are used to announce and initiate data exchanges. A beacon frame is a frame that is periodically sent by an access point to advertise its presence, capabilities, and parameters to client devices. A trigger frame is a frame that is sent by an access point or a client device to request or initiate a data transmission with another device. BSS color, UL-MU-MIMO, and OFDMA are other features of 802.11ax (HE) that are not primarily power management methods, but rather performance enhancement methods. BSS color is a feature that assigns a color code to each BSS to differentiate it from other BSSs that use the same channel. This reduces interference and improves spatial reuse of the channel. UL-MU-MIMO is a feature that allows an access point to receive multiple simultaneous transmissions from different client devices using multiple spatial streams. This increases capacity and throughput of the uplink direction. OFDMA is a feature that divides a channel into smaller subchannels called resource units (RUs) that can be allocated to different devices for concurrent transmissions. This increases efficiency and flexibility of the channel utilization.Reference:CWNA-109 Study Guide, Chapter 10: Wireless LAN Operation, page 323
You are performing a post-implementation validation survey. What basic tool can be used to easily locate areas of high co-channel interference?
You must plan for POE in an office environment. Which one of these devices is least likely to be a POE PSE?
Your consulting firm has recently been hired to complete a site survey for a company desiring an indoor coverage WI-AN. Your engineers use predictive design software for the task, but the company insists on a pre-design site visit.
What task should be performed as part of the pre-design visit to prepare for a predictive design?
A pre-design site visit in preparation for a predictive wireless LAN design is essential for gathering physical and environmental data about the site. The key tasks to be performed during such a visit include:
Evaluating Building Materials: Different materials (concrete, glass, wood, etc.) have varying effects on RF signal propagation. Understanding the materials present helps in accurately predicting how signals will behave within the environment.
Floor Plan Verification: Ensuring that the floor plan documents are an accurate representation of the actual building layout is crucial. Discrepancies between the floor plans and the physical layout can lead to inaccuracies in the predictive design.
The other options, while potentially valuable in other contexts, are not directly related to preparing for a predictive design:
Installing APs (option A) for testing co-channel interference is more aligned with an active site survey rather than a pre-design visit for a predictive design.
Collecting information about security requirements (option B) is important but is not directly related to the physical aspects of the site that would impact a predictive design.
Testing antenna types (option C) would typically be part of an active site survey or the actual deployment phase, not a pre-design visit for predictive modeling.
Therefore, option D is the correct answer, focusing on evaluating physical aspects crucial for accurate predictive modeling.
CWNA Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: Exam CWNA-109, by David D. Coleman and David
A . Westcott.
Best practices for conducting pre-design site visits in wireless network planning.
When a client station sends a broadcast probe request frame with a wildcard SSID, how do APs respond?
In the 802.11 wireless networking protocols, when a client station sends a broadcast probe request frame with a wildcard SSID (Service Set Identifier), it is essentially asking for any nearby access points (APs) to identify themselves. The way APs respond to such a probe request is governed by standard 802.11 behavior, which includes:
Probe Request Handling: Upon receiving a broadcast probe request, each AP that can serve the client prepares a probe response. The response includes information about the AP, such as its SSID, supported data rates, and other capabilities.
Contention-Based Mechanism: Wireless networks use a contention-based mechanism (CSMA/CA - Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) for medium access. Each AP must wait for a clear channel and win the contention process before it can send its probe response.
Independent Responses: Each AP operates independently in responding to the probe request. There is no coordination between APs to decide which one responds first or at all, leading to multiple APs sending probe responses, each after winning the contention for the medium.
Option A accurately reflects this process, indicating that each AP prepares and sends a probe response in turn, contingent upon winning the medium contention. The other options suggest mechanisms (such as coordination with a DHCP server or simultaneous responses after a Short Interframe Space (SIFS)) that do not align with standard 802.11 procedures for handling broadcast probe requests.
IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications.
CWNA Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: Exam PW0-105, by David D. Coleman and David A. Westcott.
