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An administrator attempts to connect to a remote server by running the following command:
$ nmap 192.168.10.36
Starting Nmap 7.60 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2022-03-29 20:20 UTC
Nmap scan report for www1 (192.168.10.36)
Host is up (0.000091s latency).
Not shown: 979 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
21/tcp open ftp
22/tcp filtered ssh
631/tcp open ipp
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.06 seconds
Which of the following can be said about the remote server?
This is because the port 22/tcp is shown as filtered by nmap, which means that nmap cannot determine whether the port is open or closed because a firewall or other device is blocking its probes. If the SSH server was not running on the remote server, the port would be shown as closed, which means that nmap received a TCP RST packet in response to its probe. If the remote SSH server was using SSH protocol version 1, the port would be shown as open, which means that nmap received a TCP SYN/ACK packet in response to its probe. If the SSH host key on the remote server had expired, the port would also be shown as open, but the SSH client would display a warning message about the host key verification failure. Therefore, the best explanation for the filtered state of the port 22/tcp is that a firewall is preventing nmap from reaching the SSH server.
You can find more information about nmap port states and how to interpret them in the following web search results:
Nmap scan what does STATE=filtered mean?
How to find ports marked as filtered by nmap
Technical Tip: NMAP scan shows ports as filtered
A Linux administrator rebooted a server. Users then reported some of their files were missing. After doing some troubleshooting, the administrator found one of the filesystems was missing. The filesystem was not listed in /etc/f stab and might have been mounted manually by someone prior to reboot. Which of the following would prevent this issue from reoccurring in the future?
The best way to prevent this issue from reoccurring in the future is to create a mount unit and enable it to be started at boot. A mount unit is a systemd unit that defines how and where a filesystem should be mounted. By creating a mount unit for the missing filesystem and enabling it with systemct1 enable, the administrator can ensure that the filesystem will be automatically mounted at boot time, regardless of whether it is listed in /etc/fstab or not. Syncing the mount units will not prevent the issue, as it will only synchronize the state of existing mount units with /etc/fstab, not create new ones. Mounting the filesystem manually will not prevent the issue, as it will only mount the filesystem temporarily, not permanently. Remounting all the missing filesystems will not prevent the issue, as it will only mount the filesystems until the next reboot, not after.Reference:CompTIA Linux+ (XK0-005) Certification Study Guide, Chapter 14: Managing Disk Storage, page 457.
Which of the following actions are considered good security practices when hardening a Linux server? (Select two).
Some good security practices when hardening a Linux server are:
Removing unnecessary packages (B) to reduce the attack surface and eliminate potential vulnerabilities
Disabling the SSH root login possibility (E) to prevent unauthorized access and brute-force attacks on the root accountReference:
[CompTIA Linux+ Study Guide], Chapter 9: Securing Linux, Section: Hardening Linux
[How to Harden Your Linux Server]
A junior administrator updated the PostgreSQL service unit file per the data-base administrator's recommendation. The service has been restarted, but changes have not been applied. Which of the following should the administrator run for the changes to take effect?
To apply changes to a systemd service unit file, the administrator needs to reload the systemd daemon using the commandsystemct1 daemon-reload(B). This will make systemd aware of the new or changed unit files. The other commands will not reload the systemd daemon or apply the changes.Reference:
[CompTIA Linux+ Study Guide], Chapter 7: Managing System Services, Section: Modifying Systemd Services
[How to Reload Systemd Services]
A junior systems administrator has just generated public and private authentication keys for passwordless login. Which of the following files will be moved to the remote servers?
The file id_rsa.pub will be moved to the remote servers for passwordless login. The id_rsa.pub file is the public authentication key that is generated by thessh-keygencommand. The public key can be copied to the remote servers by using thessh-copy-idcommand or manually. The remote servers will use the public key to authenticate the user who has the corresponding private key (id_rsa). This will allow the user to log in without entering a password. The other options are incorrect because they are either private keys (id_rsa, id_dsa.pem, or id_ecdsa) or non-existent files (id_dsa.pem or id_ecdsa).Reference:CompTIA Linux+ (XK0-005) Certification Study Guide, Chapter 13: Managing Network Services, page 410.
