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A systems administrator has been unable to terminate a process. Which of the following should the administrator use to forcibly stop the process?
The administrator should use the commandkill -TERMto forcibly stop the process. Thekillcommand is a tool for sending signals to processes on Linux systems. Signals are messages that inform the processes about certain events and actions. The processes can react to the signals by performing predefined or user-defined actions, such as terminating, suspending, resuming, or ignoring. The-TERMoption specifies the signal name or number that thekillcommand should send. The TERM signal, which stands for terminate, is the default signal that thekillcommand sends if no option is specified. The TERM signal requests the process to terminate gracefully, by closing any open files, releasing any resources, and performing any cleanup tasks. However, if the process does not respond to the TERM signal, thekillcommand can send a stronger signal, such as the KILL signal, which forces the process to terminate immediately, without any cleanup. The administrator should use the commandkill -TERMto forcibly stop the process. This is the correct answer to the question. The other options are incorrect because they either do not terminate the process (kill -1orkill -3) or do not terminate the process forcibly (kill -15orkill -HUP).Reference:CompTIA Linux+ (XK0-005) Certification Study Guide, Chapter 14: Managing Processes, page 431.
Users in the human resources department are trying to access files in a newly created directory. Which of the following commands will allow the users access to the files?
The chgrp command is used to change the group ownership of files and directories. By using this command, the administrator can assign the files in the newly created directory to the human resources group, which will allow the users in that group to access them. The other commands are not relevant for this task. For example:
chattr is used to change the file attributes, such as making them immutable or append-only1.
chage is used to change the password expiration information for a user account2.
chcon is used to change the security context of files and directories, which is related to SELinux3.
The CompTIA Linux+ Certification Exam Objectives mention that the candidate should be able to ''manage file and directory ownership and permissions'' as part of the Hardware and System Configuration domain4.
The web search result2explains how to use the chgrp command with examples.
The web search result3compares the chmod and chgrp commands and their effects on file permissions.
The security team has identified a web service that is running with elevated privileges A Linux administrator is working to change the systemd service file to meet security compliance standards. Given the following output:
Which of the following remediation steps will prevent the web service from running as a privileged user?
The remediation step that will prevent the web service from running as a privileged user is adding the User=webservice to the [Service] section of the service file. The service file is a configuration file that defines the properties and behavior of a systemd service. The systemd is a system and service manager that controls the startup and operation of Linux systems. The service file contains various sections and options that specify how the service should be started, stopped, and managed. The [Service] section defines how the service should be executed and what commands should be run. The User option specifies the user name or ID that the service should run as. The webservice is the name of the user that the administrator wants to run the web service as. The administrator should add the User=webservice to the [Service] section of the service file, which will prevent the web service from running as a privileged user, such as root, and improve the security of the system. This is the correct remediation step to use to prevent the web service from running as a privileged user. The other options are incorrect because they either do not change the user that the service runs as (removing the ExecStart=/usr/sbin/webserver -D OPTIONS from the service fileorupdating the EnvironmentFile line in the [Service] section to /home/webservice/config) or do not affect the user that the service runs as (changing the multi-user.target in the [Install] section to basic.target).Reference:CompTIA Linux+ (XK0-005) Certification Study Guide, Chapter 15: Managing System Services, page 458.
A Linux administrator rebooted a server. Users then reported some of their files were missing. After doing some troubleshooting, the administrator found one of the filesystems was missing. The filesystem was not listed in /etc/f stab and might have been mounted manually by someone prior to reboot. Which of the following would prevent this issue from reoccurring in the future?
The best way to prevent this issue from reoccurring in the future is to create a mount unit and enable it to be started at boot. A mount unit is a systemd unit that defines how and where a filesystem should be mounted. By creating a mount unit for the missing filesystem and enabling it with systemct1 enable, the administrator can ensure that the filesystem will be automatically mounted at boot time, regardless of whether it is listed in /etc/fstab or not. Syncing the mount units will not prevent the issue, as it will only synchronize the state of existing mount units with /etc/fstab, not create new ones. Mounting the filesystem manually will not prevent the issue, as it will only mount the filesystem temporarily, not permanently. Remounting all the missing filesystems will not prevent the issue, as it will only mount the filesystems until the next reboot, not after.Reference:CompTIA Linux+ (XK0-005) Certification Study Guide, Chapter 14: Managing Disk Storage, page 457.
A Linux administrator has installed a web server, a database server, and a web application on a server. The web application should be active in order to render the web pages. After the administrator restarts the server, the website displays the following message in the browser: Error establishing a database connection. The Linux administrator reviews the following relevant output from the systemd init files:
The administrator needs to ensure that the database is available before the web application is started. Which of the following should the administrator add to the HTTP server .service file to accomplish this task?
The administrator should add REQUIRES=mariadb.service to the HTTP server .service file to ensure that the database is available before the web application is started. This directive specifies that the HTTP server unit requires the MariaDB server unit to be started before it can run. If the MariaDB server unit fails to start or stops for any reason, the HTTP server unit will also fail or stop. This way, the dependency between the web application and the database is enforced by systemd.
The other options are not correct directives for accomplishing this task. TRIGGERS=mariadb.service is not a valid directive in systemd unit files. ONFAILURE=mariadb.service means that the HTTP server unit will start only if the MariaDB server unit fails, which is not what we want. WANTEDBY=mariadb.service means that the HTTP server unit will be started when the MariaDB server unit is enabled, but it does not imply a strong dependency or ordering relationship between them.Reference:CompTIA Linux+ (XK0-005) Certification Study Guide, Chapter 10: Managing Services with systemd;systemd.unit(5) - Linux manual page
