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Which of the following statements about estimation of the test effort is WRONG?
The other options are correct because:
D . Experience based estimation is one of the estimation techniques, which relies on the judgment and expertise of the testers and other project stakeholders to estimate the test effort based on similar projects or tasks done in the past. Experience based estimation can be useful when there is a lack of historical data, formal methods, or detailed information about the software product and the testing activities.
Reference=
1ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 154
2ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 155
3ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 156
4ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 157
5ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 158
6ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 159
7ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 16
[8] ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 160
[9] ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 161
Which of the following statements about error guessing is true?
This answer is correct because error guessing is a test design technique where the experience and intuition of the tester are used to anticipate where errors, defects and failures have occurred or are likely to occur, and to design test cases to expose them. Error guessing can be based on factors such as the complexity of the system or component, the known or suspected weaknesses of the system or component, the previous history of defects, or the common types of errors in the domain or technology. Error guessing can be used as a complementary technique to other more systematic or formal techniques, or when there is insufficient information or time to apply them.Reference: ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Section 2.3.2.5
The following diagram displays the logical dependencies between requirements and the individual requirement priorities. For example, "R2->R3" means that R3 is dependent on R2. Priority is indicated by the number next to the letter ''P" i.e. P1 has a higher priority than P2.
Which one of the following options best describes the test execution sequence using both requirement dependency and priority
The correct test execution sequence should consider both the dependencies between the requirements and their priorities. According to the diagram, the sequence begins with R2 (P1) as it is a prerequisite for R3 (P4). Then R1 (P3) can be tested. R3 follows as it depends on R2. Next, R7 (P4) should be tested before R6 (P3) and R5 (P2), as indicated by their dependencies. Finally, R4 (P1) and R8 (P1) can be tested. Therefore, the best sequence is R2, R1, R3, R7, R6, R5, R4, R8. Reference: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus V4.0, Section 5.1.5
Consider the following examples of risks identified in different software development projects:
[I]. The contrast color ratio for both normal text and large text of a website does not comply with the applicable accessibility guidelines, making it difficult for many users to read the content on the pages
[II]. A development vendor fails to deliver their software system on time, causing significant delays to system integration testing activities that have been planned as part of a development project for a system of systems
[III]. People in the test team do not have sufficient skills to automate tests at the test levels required by the test automation strategy which does not allow production of an effective regression test suite
[IV]. In a web application, data from untrusted sources is not subject to proper input validation, making the application vulnerable to several security attacks
Which of the following statements is true?
This answer is correct because product risks are risks that affect the quality of the software product, such as defects, failures, or non-compliance with requirements or standards. Project risks are risks that affect the project's schedule, budget, resources, or scope, such as delays, cost overruns, skill gaps, or scope changes. In this case, [I] and [IV] are product risks, as they relate to the accessibility and security of the software product, which are quality attributes. [II] and [III] are project risks, as they relate to the delivery time and the test automation skills of the test team, which are project factors.Reference: ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Section 2.1.1.1
Consider the following examples of risks identified in different software development projects
[1]. It may not be possible to generate the expected workloads to run performance tests, due to the poor hardware equipment of the machines (load injectors) that should generate these workloads.
[ii]. A user's session on a web application is not invalidated after a certain period of inactivity (configured by the system administrator) of the user,
[iii]. The test team will not have an adequate requirements specification (since many requirements will still be missing) by the time test design and analysis activities should begin according to the test plan.
[IV]. Following a failure, the system is unable to continue to maintain its pre-failure operation and some data becomes corrupted.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
In software testing, risks are categorized into product risks and project risks. Product risks are associated with the potential of a product to fail in meeting its quality criteria. Project risks are related to potential issues that could affect the project's ability to deliver a product.
[i] is a project risk because it concerns the availability and adequacy of hardware resources for performance testing.
[ii] is a product risk because it pertains to a security and functionality issue within the web application.
[iii] is a project risk because it involves the availability of necessary requirements documentation for the testing process.
[iv] is a product risk because it relates to the system's functionality and data integrity after a failure.
Thus, statement A correctly classifies [ii] and [iv] as product risks and [i] and [iii] as project risks.
