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[Design Secure Architectures]
A solutions architect is designing an asynchronous application to process credit card data validation requests for a bank. The application must be secure and be able to process each request at least once.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
Requirement Analysis: The application must process each credit card data validation request at least once, securely and cost-effectively.
SQS FIFO Queues: Ensures that each message is processed exactly once and in the exact order sent.
AWS Lambda: Using Lambda for event-driven processing ensures scalability and cost-efficiency.
SSE-SQS: Provides encryption at rest using SQS-managed keys, simplifying encryption management.
Implementation:
Set up SQS FIFO queues as the event source for Lambda.
Enable SSE-SQS for encryption.
Ensure the Lambda execution role has the necessary permissions to use the encryption keys.
Conclusion: This combination meets the requirements of security, exact-once processing, and cost-effectiveness.
Reference
Amazon SQS:Amazon SQS Documentation
AWS Lambda with SQS:Using AWS Lambda with Amazon SQS
[Design Secure Architectures]
A company runs container applications by using Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS). The company's workload is not consistent throughout the day The company wants Amazon EKS to scale in and out according to the workload.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead? {Select TWO.)
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/eks/latest/userguide/horizontal-pod-autoscaler.html
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/eks/latest/userguide/autoscaling.html
Horizontal pod autoscaling is a feature of Kubernetes that automatically scales the number of pods in a deployment, replication controller, or replica set based on that resource's CPU utilization.It requires ametrics source such as the Kubernetes Metrics Server to provide CPU usage data1. Cluster autoscaling is a feature of Kubernetes that automatically adjusts the number of nodes in a cluster when pods fail or are rescheduled onto other nodes.It requires an integration with AWS Auto Scaling groups to manage the EC2 instances that join the cluster2. By using both horizontal pod autoscaling and cluster autoscaling, the solution can ensure that Amazon EKS scales in and out according to the workload.
[Design Resilient Architectures]
A company's applications run on Amazon EC2 instances in Auto Scaling groups. The company notices that its applications experience sudden traffic increases on random days of the week The company wants to maintain application performance during sudden traffic increases.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
Dynamic scaling is a type of autoscaling that automatically adjusts the number of EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group based on demand or load. It uses CloudWatch alarms to trigger scaling actions when a specified metric crosses a threshold.It can scale out (addinstances) or scale in (remove instances) as needed1. By using dynamic scaling, the solution can maintain application performance during sudden traffic increases most cost-effectively.
A . Use manual scaling to change the size of the Auto Scaling group. This solution will not meet the requirement of maintaining application performance during sudden traffic increases, as manual scaling requires users to manually increase or decrease the number of instances through a CLI or console.It does not respond automatically to changes in demand or load2.
B . Use predictive scaling to change the size of the Auto Scaling group. This solution will not meet the requirement of most cost-effectiveness, as predictive scaling uses machine learning and artificial intelligence tools to evaluate traffic loads and anticipate when more or fewer resources are needed. It performs scheduled scaling actions based on the prediction, which may not matchthe actual demand or load at any given time.Predictive scaling is more suitable for scenarios where there are predictable traffic patterns or known changes in traffic loads3.
D . Use schedule scaling to change the size of the Auto Scaling group. This solution will not meet the requirement of maintaining application performance during sudden traffic increases, as schedule scaling performs scaling actions at specific times that users schedule. It does not respond automatically to changes in demand or load. Schedule scaling is more suitable for scenarios where there are predictable traffic drops or spikes at specific times of the day.
Reference URL: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/autoscaling/ec2/userguide/as-scale-based-on-demand.html
[Design Secure Architectures]
A solutions architect needs to connect a company's corporate network to its VPC to allow on-premises access to its AWS resources. The solution must provide encryption of all trafficbetween the corporate network and the VPC at the network layer and the session layer. The solution also must provide security controls to prevent unrestricted access between AWS and the on-premises systems.
Which solution meets these requirements?
This solution meets the requirements of providing encryption at both the network and session layers while also allowing for controlled access between on-premises systems and AWS resources.
AWS Site-to-Site VPN: This service allows you to establish a secure and encrypted connection between your on-premises network and AWS VPC over the internet or via AWS Direct Connect. The VPN encrypts data at the network layer (IPsec) as it travels between the corporate network and AWS.
Routing and Security Controls: By configuring route table entries, you can ensure that only the traffic intended for AWS resources is directed to the VPC. Additionally, by setting up security groups and network ACLs, you can further restrict and control which traffic is allowed to communicate with the instances within your VPC. This approach provides the necessary security to prevent unrestricted access, aligning with the company's security policies.
Why Not Other Options?:
Option A (AWS Direct Connect): While Direct Connect provides a private connection, it does not inherently provide encryption. Additional steps would be required to encrypt traffic, and it doesn't address the session layer encryption.
Option B (IAM policies for Console access): This option does not meet the requirement for network-level encryption and security between the corporate network and the VPC.
Option D (AWS Transit Gateway): Although Transit Gateway can help in managing multiple connections, it doesn't directly provide encryption at the network layer. You would still need to configure a VPN or use other methods for encryption.
AWS Reference:
AWS Site-to-Site VPN- Overview of AWS Site-to-Site VPN capabilities, including encryption.
Security Groups and Network ACLs- Information on configuring security groups and network ACLs to control traffic.
[Design High-Performing Architectures]
A company wants to run an in-memory database for a latency-sensitive application that runs on Amazon EC2 instances. The application processes more than 100,000 transactions each minute and requires high network throughput. A solutions architect needs to provide a cost-effective network design that minimizes data transfer charges.
Which solution meets these requirements?
* Launching instances within a single AZ and using a cluster placement group provides the lowest network latency and highest bandwidth between instances. This maximizes performance for an in-memory database and high-throughput application.
* Communications between instances in the same AZ and placement group are free, minimizing data transfer charges. Inter-AZ and public IP traffic can incur charges.
* A cluster placement group enables the instances to be placed close together within the AZ, allowing the high network throughput required. Partition groups span AZs, reducing bandwidth.
* Auto Scaling across zones could launch instances in AZs that increase data transfer charges. It may reduce network throughput, impacting performance.
